Deepa C, Bhatt Anugya
Division of Thrombosis Research, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695012, Kerala, India.
J Artif Organs. 2025 Jun;28(2):154-170. doi: 10.1007/s10047-024-01481-9. Epub 2024 Dec 31.
Three-dimensional bioprinting is getting enormous attention among the scientific community for its application in complex regenerative tissue engineering applications. One of the focus areas of 3-D bioprinting is Skin tissue engineering. Skin is the largest external organ and also the outer protective layer is prone to injuries due to accidents, burns, pathologic diseases like diabetes, and immobilization of patients due to other health conditions, etc. The demand for skin tissue and the need for an off-the-shelf skin construct to treat patients is increasing on an alarming basis. Conventional approaches like skin grafting increase morbidity. Other approaches include acellular grafts, where integration with the host tissue is a major concern. The emerging technology of the future is 3D bioprinting, where different biopolymers or hybrid polymers together provide the properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) and tissue microenvironment needed for cellular growth and proliferation. This raises the hope for the possibility of a shelf skin construct, which can be used on demand or even skin can be printed directly on the wound site (in-situ printing) based on the depth and complex structure of the wound site. In the present review article, we have tried to provide an overview of Skin tissue engineering, Conventional advancement in technology, 3D bioprinting and bioprinters for skin 3D printing, different biomaterials for skin 3D bioprinting applications, desirable properties of biomaterials and future challenges.
三维生物打印因其在复杂再生组织工程应用中的应用而在科学界备受关注。三维生物打印的重点领域之一是皮肤组织工程。皮肤是最大的外部器官，其外层保护层容易因事故、烧伤、糖尿病等病理疾病以及其他健康状况导致的患者长期卧床等原因而受伤。对皮肤组织的需求以及用于治疗患者的现成皮肤构建体的需求正以惊人的速度增长。像皮肤移植这样的传统方法会增加发病率。其他方法包括脱细胞移植物，其中与宿主组织的整合是一个主要问题。未来的新兴技术是三维生物打印，不同的生物聚合物或混合聚合物共同提供细胞生长和增殖所需的细胞外基质（ECM）和组织微环境的特性。这为现成皮肤构建体的可能性带来了希望，这种构建体可以按需使用，甚至可以根据伤口部位的深度和复杂结构直接在伤口部位进行皮肤打印（原位打印）。在本综述文章中，我们试图概述皮肤组织工程、技术的传统进展、用于皮肤三维打印的三维生物打印和生物打印机、用于皮肤三维生物打印应用的不同生物材料、生物材料的理想特性以及未来挑战。
