Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 May;268(Pt 2):131623. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131623. Epub 2024 Apr 19.
When skin is damaged or affected by diseases, it often undergoes irreversible scar formation, leading to aesthetic concerns and psychological distress for patients. In cases of extensive skin defects, the patient's life can be severely compromised. In recent years, 3D printing technology has emerged as a groundbreaking approach to skin tissue engineering, offering promising solutions to various skin-related conditions. 3D bioprinting technology enables the precise fabrication of structures by programming the spatial arrangement of cells within the skin tissue and subsequently printing skin replacements either in a 3D bioprinter or directly at the site of the defect. This study provides a comprehensive overview of various biopolymer-based inks, with a particular emphasis on chitosan (CS), starch, alginate, agarose, cellulose, and fibronectin, all of which are natural polymers belonging to the category of biomacromolecules. Additionally, it summarizes artificially synthesized polymers capable of enhancing the performance of these biomacromolecule-based bioinks, thereby composing hybrid biopolymer inks aimed at better application in skin tissue engineering endeavors. This review paper examines the recent advancements, characteristics, benefits, and limitations of biological 3D bioprinting techniques for skin tissue engineering. By utilizing bioinks containing seed cells, hydrogels with bioactive factors, and biomaterials, complex structures resembling natural skin can be accurately fabricated in a layer-by-layer manner. The importance of biological scaffolds in promoting skin wound healing and the role of 3D bioprinting in skin tissue regeneration processes is discussed. Additionally, this paper addresses the challenges and constraints associated with current 3D bioprinting technologies for skin tissue and presents future perspectives. These include advancements in bioink formulations, full-thickness skin bioprinting, vascularization strategies, and skin appendages bioprinting.
当皮肤受损或受到疾病影响时，通常会导致不可逆转的疤痕形成，给患者带来美观问题和心理困扰。在广泛的皮肤缺陷情况下，患者的生活可能会受到严重影响。近年来，3D 打印技术作为皮肤组织工程的一种突破性方法出现，为各种皮肤相关疾病提供了有前景的解决方案。3D 生物打印技术通过编程皮肤组织内细胞的空间排列，实现结构的精确制造，随后在 3D 生物打印机中或直接在缺陷部位打印皮肤替代品。本研究全面概述了各种基于生物聚合物的墨水，特别强调了壳聚糖 (CS)、淀粉、海藻酸盐、琼脂糖、纤维素和纤维连接蛋白，它们都是属于生物大分子类别的天然聚合物。此外，本文还总结了能够增强这些基于生物大分子的生物墨水性能的人工合成聚合物，从而组成旨在更好地应用于皮肤组织工程的混合生物聚合物墨水。本文综述了用于皮肤组织工程的生物 3D 生物打印技术的最新进展、特点、优势和局限性。通过使用含有种子细胞的生物墨水、具有生物活性因子的水凝胶和生物材料，可以精确地逐层制造出类似于天然皮肤的复杂结构。讨论了生物支架在促进皮肤伤口愈合中的重要性以及 3D 生物打印在皮肤组织再生过程中的作用。此外，本文还讨论了当前 3D 生物打印技术在皮肤组织方面面临的挑战和限制，并提出了未来的展望。这些展望包括生物墨水配方、全厚度皮肤生物打印、血管化策略和皮肤附属物生物打印的进展。
