Cherewick Megan, Lama Rinzi, Rai Roshan P, Dukpa Choden, Mukhia Dikcha, Giri Priscilla, Matergia Michael
Department of Community & Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.
Darjeeling Ladenla Road Prerna, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024 Dec 31;4(12):e0003904. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003904. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to assess the impact of sources of social support and dimensions of self-efficacy on psychological symptoms and mental wellbeing among early adolescents. A total of 274 adolescents aged 10-14 from Darjeeling, India, participated in the study. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C) were utilized to assess dimensions of protective/promotive factors. Nested multivariable regression models assessed associations between age, gender, social support, and self-efficacy on psychological symptoms (internalising, externalising, and total difficulties) and mental wellbeing outcomes (mental wellbeing, optimism, and resilience). Results indicated that 13% of early adolescents screened positive for clinical depression and 44% reported poor mental wellbeing. Emotional and academic self-efficacy, along with family support, were significantly associated with reduced psychological symptoms. Conversely, social, and academic self-efficacy, along with support from friends, were linked to higher levels of mental wellbeing. Regression analyses revealed that dimensions of social support and self-efficacy explained a greater proportion of variability in mental wellbeing outcomes (R2 = 0.37-0.64) than in psychological symptom outcomes (R2 = 0.19-0.22), suggesting a stronger promotive effect on mental wellbeing compared to a protective effect on psychological symptoms during early adolescence. Findings suggest the urgent need for early mental health intervention to strengthen systems of social support and support self-efficacy among early adolescents. Multi-level or sequential interventions that target protective and promotive factors are a key strategy to addressing the global youth mental health crisis.
本研究旨在评估社会支持来源和自我效能维度对青少年早期心理症状和心理健康的影响。共有274名来自印度大吉岭的10至14岁青少年参与了该研究。使用多维感知社会支持量表（MSPSS）和儿童自我效能量表（SEQ-C）来评估保护/促进因素的维度。嵌套多变量回归模型评估了年龄、性别、社会支持和自我效能与心理症状（内化、外化和总体困难）及心理健康结果（心理健康、乐观和恢复力）之间的关联。结果表明，13%的青少年早期临床抑郁症筛查呈阳性，44%的青少年报告心理健康状况不佳。情绪和学业自我效能以及家庭支持与心理症状的减轻显著相关。相反，社交和学业自我效能以及来自朋友的支持与更高水平的心理健康相关。回归分析显示，与心理症状结果（R2 = 0.19 - 0.22）相比，社会支持和自我效能维度在心理健康结果中解释的变异比例更大（R2 = 0.37 - 0.64），这表明在青少年早期，对心理健康的促进作用比对心理症状的保护作用更强。研究结果表明迫切需要早期心理健康干预，以加强青少年早期的社会支持系统并支持自我效能。针对保护和促进因素的多层次或序贯干预是应对全球青少年心理健康危机的关键策略。
