加纳老年人的幸福与社会和谐维度：对2014/15年全球老龄化与成人健康研究（SAGE第二轮）纵向调查数据的二次分析
Dimensions of well-being and social harmony of older persons in Ghana: A secondary analysis of longitudinal survey data of the 2014/15 Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE Wave 2).
作者信息
Oduro Joseph Kojo, Kumi-Kyereme Akwasi
机构信息
Department of Population and Health, College of Humanities and Legal Studies, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2024 Dec 31;19(12):e0314666. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314666. eCollection 2024.
OBJECTIVES
A crucial factor in healthy ageing is age-friendly environments for older persons. The opportunities that come with getting older as well as the safety of older persons are influenced by their social surroundings and overall well-being, yet, there is a dearth of research focus on this subject. This study examined the association between dimensions of well-being and the social harmony of older persons in Ghana.
METHODS
A secondary analysis of longitudinal survey data of the 2014/15 Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE Wave 2) conducted by the World Health Organization was used. Only older adults 60 years and older were included in this study. Multilevel logistic regression techniques were used to examine dimensions of well-being as predictors of social harmony of older persons. The output was reported as odds ratios (OR).
RESULTS
Results show that high levels of emotional and physical well-being were 13.5% and 14.3% more likely to be associated with a high level of social harmony (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.35,1.35), (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.43,1.43). However, older persons with high levels of psychological and spiritual well-being were 7% and 3% less likely to experience a high level of social harmony (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.63,0.93), (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.39,0.40).
CONCLUSION
This study shows a multifarious association between dimensions of well-being and the social harmony of older persons. A positive association is found between high levels of emotional and physical well-being and social harmony in older persons. However, older persons with high levels of psychological and spiritual well-being showed less experience of social harmony. This has implications for policy for improving older persons' well-being and social harmony. Policies and social interventions should consider the various needs and situations of older persons to establish an environment of safety and opportunities concerning higher social harmony in Ghanaian society.
目标
健康老龄化的一个关键因素是为老年人打造适宜其年龄的环境。老年人所获得的机遇以及他们的安全受其社会环境和整体幸福感的影响，然而，针对这一主题的研究却十分匮乏。本研究考察了加纳老年人幸福感维度与社会和谐之间的关联。
方法
采用世界卫生组织开展的2014/15年全球老龄化与成人健康研究（SAGE第二轮）纵向调查数据进行二次分析。本研究仅纳入60岁及以上的老年人。运用多水平逻辑回归技术来考察幸福感维度作为老年人社会和谐预测因素的情况。结果以比值比（OR）呈现。
结果
结果显示，高水平的情绪幸福感和身体幸福感与高水平社会和谐相关的可能性分别高出13.5%和14.3%（OR = 1.35，95%置信区间 = 1.35,1.35），（OR = 1.43，95%置信区间 = 1.43,1.43）。然而，高水平心理幸福感和精神幸福感的老年人经历高水平社会和谐的可能性分别降低7%和3%（OR = 0.73，95%置信区间 = 0.63,0.93），（OR = 0.39，95%置信区间 = 0.39,0.40）。
结论
本研究表明幸福感维度与老年人社会和谐之间存在多方面的关联。高水平的情绪幸福感和身体幸福感与老年人的社会和谐呈正相关。然而，高水平心理幸福感和精神幸福感的老年人社会和谐体验较少。这对改善老年人幸福感和社会和谐的政策具有启示意义。政策和社会干预应考虑老年人的各种需求和状况，以在加纳社会建立一个关乎更高社会和谐的安全与机遇环境。
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