Formisano Annarita, Dello Russo Marika, Lissner Lauren, Russo Paola, Ahrens Wolfgang, De Henauw Stefaan, Hebestreit Antje, Intemann Timm, Hunsberger Monica, Molnár Dénes, Moreno Luis Alberto, Pala Valeria, Papoutsou Stalo, Reisch Lucia, Veidebaum Toomas, Williams Garrath, Wolters Maike, Siani Alfonso, Lauria Fabio
Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 7;17(13):2252. doi: 10.3390/nu17132252.
: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) constitute a large proportion of the daily energy intake of Europeans, particularly among children and adolescents. High UPFs consumption is associated with poor dietary quality and adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to examine whether high UPFs consumption is associated with metabolic health in children, adolescents, and adults, using data from the I.Family study. : This cross-sectional analysis (2013/2014) included 2285 participants: 147 children (6-9 years), 645 adolescents (10-19 years), and 1493 adults (≥20 years). For the children and adolescents, a metabolic syndrome (MetS) -score was calculated, consisting of age- and sex-standardized -scores of WC, HOMA index, HDL-C, TRG, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). For the adults, MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force and other societies. The participants completed at least one 24 h recall, from which their UPFs consumption was estimated using the NOVA classification. The consumption levels were divided into age- and sex-specific quintiles based on the relative energy contribution of these foods. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between UPFs consumption and MetS or its components. : No statistically significant associations were found between UPFs consumption and MetS or its components in any age group. The effect sizes were negligible across the quintiles (η = 0.0065 in children, 0.015 in adolescents, and 0.0009 in adults). While the mean MetS score showed little variation, the prevalence of MetS scores above the 90th percentile increased in the highest UPFs quintile among the children. The diet quality decreased with increasing UPFs consumption. : UPFs consumption was not associated with MetS or its components across the age groups. However, a decline in diet quality was observed with increasing UPFs intake, highlighting the importance of public health strategies to reduce UPFs consumption and improve dietary patterns, particularly among younger populations.
超加工食品（UPFs）在欧洲人的每日能量摄入中占很大比例，在儿童和青少年中尤为如此。高UPFs摄入量与不良的饮食质量和健康后果相关。本研究旨在利用I.Family研究的数据，探讨高UPFs摄入量是否与儿童、青少年和成年人的代谢健康相关。
这项横断面分析（2013/2014年）纳入了2285名参与者：147名儿童（6 - 9岁）、645名青少年（10 - 19岁）和1493名成年人（≥20岁）。对于儿童和青少年，计算了代谢综合征（MetS）评分，该评分由腰围（WC）、稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA指数）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯（TRG）、收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）的年龄和性别标准化评分组成。对于成年人，根据国际糖尿病联盟特别工作组和其他协会的标准定义MetS。参与者完成了至少一次24小时饮食回顾，通过NOVA分类法估算他们的UPFs摄入量。根据这些食物的相对能量贡献，将摄入量水平分为年龄和性别特异性五分位数。进行多变量回归分析以评估UPFs摄入量与MetS或其组成成分之间的关联。
在任何年龄组中，均未发现UPFs摄入量与MetS或其组成成分之间存在统计学上的显著关联。各五分位数的效应大小可忽略不计（儿童中η = 0.0065，青少年中η = 0.015，成年人中η = 0.0009）。虽然平均MetS评分变化不大，但在儿童中，最高UPFs五分位数组中MetS评分高于第90百分位数的患病率有所增加。随着UPFs摄入量的增加，饮食质量下降。
各年龄组的UPFs摄入量均与MetS或其组成成分无关。然而，随着UPFs摄入量的增加，观察到饮食质量下降，这凸显了公共卫生策略在减少UPFs摄入量和改善饮食模式方面的重要性，特别是在年轻人群中。
