Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea.
Nutrition. 2024 Jun;122:112374. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112374. Epub 2024 Feb 6.
This study aimed to investigate the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and the risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults.
The study consisted of 22 688 Korean adults ≥19 y of age from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2020. The NOVA classification categorizes foods according to the nature, extent, and purpose of industrial processing. MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and a modified waist circumference cut-off for Korean adults. We estimated the usual percent total food intake from UPFs. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between UPFs and risk for MetS, adjusted for age, sex, education level, income level, smoking status, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and total energy intake. We further analyzed the association of UPFs with each component of MetS.
The median usual percent total food intake from UPFs was 22%, and the midpoint of intake ranged from 3% (quartile 1) to 48% (quartile 4). The group with the highest UPF consumption had a 19% higher risk for developing MetS than the lowest quartile of UPF consumption (odds ratio [OR],1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.33; P = 0.006). In analysis of the relationship between UPF intake and MetS components, a higher UPF was associated with an increased risk for hypertension (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.26; P = 0.037) and abdominal obesity (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.33; P = 0.001), but had no significant association with other components (hyperglycemia, hypertriacylglycerolmia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, all P > 0.05).
Higher UPF contribution to total daily food intake is associated with an increased risk for MetS, particularly with a higher risk for hypertension and abdominal obesity.
本研究旨在探讨韩国成年人超加工食品（UPF）摄入与代谢综合征（MetS）风险之间的关系。
本研究纳入了 2016-2020 年韩国全国健康营养调查（KNHANES）中≥19 岁的 22688 名韩国成年人。NOVA 分类法根据工业加工的性质、程度和目的对食物进行分类。MetS 根据国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组 III 标准和韩国成年人改良腰围切点定义。我们估计了 UPF 占总食物摄入量的常用百分比。我们使用多变量逻辑回归评估了 UPF 与 MetS 风险之间的关系，调整了年龄、性别、教育水平、收入水平、吸烟状况、饮酒、身体活动和总能量摄入。我们进一步分析了 UPF 与 MetS 各组分之间的关系。
UPF 占总食物摄入量的常用百分比中位数为 22%，摄入量的中点范围为 3%（四分位 1）至 48%（四分位 4）。摄入 UPF 最多的组发生 MetS 的风险比摄入 UPF 最少的组高 19%（优势比 [OR]，1.19；95%置信区间 [CI]，1.06-1.33；P = 0.006）。在分析 UPF 摄入量与 MetS 组分之间的关系时，较高的 UPF 摄入量与高血压（OR，1.13；95%CI，1.01-1.26；P = 0.037）和腹型肥胖（OR，1.19；95%CI，1.07-1.33；P = 0.001）的风险增加相关，但与其他组分（高血糖、高三酰甘油血症和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症，均 P > 0.05）无显著关联。
UPF 对总日食物摄入量的贡献增加与 MetS 风险增加相关，尤其是高血压和腹型肥胖风险增加。
