Yazdi Zahra Farshchian, Roshannezhad Shahrzad, Sharif Samaneh, Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
J Transl Med. 2024 Dec 31;22(1):1173. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05908-y.
Creating fast, non-invasive, precise, and specific diagnostic tests is crucial for enhancing cancer treatment outcomes. Among diagnostic methods, those relying on nucleic acid detection are highly sensitive and specific. Recent developments in diagnostic technologies, particularly those leveraging Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), are revolutionizing cancer detection, providing accurate and timely results. In clinical oncology, liquid biopsy has become a noninvasive and early-detectable alternative to traditional biopsies over the last two decades. Analyzing the nucleic acid content of liquid biopsy samples, which include Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA), Circulating Cell-Free RNA (cfRNA), and tumor extracellular vesicles, provides a noninvasive method for cancer detection and monitoring. In this review, we explore how the characteristics of various Cas (CRISPR-associated) enzymes have been utilized in diagnostic assays for cancer liquid biopsy and highlight their main applications of innovative approaches in monitoring, as well as early and rapid detection of cancers.
开发快速、无创、精确且特异的诊断测试对于提高癌症治疗效果至关重要。在诊断方法中，那些依赖核酸检测的方法具有高度的敏感性和特异性。诊断技术的最新进展，尤其是那些利用成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）的技术，正在彻底改变癌症检测方式，能够提供准确及时的结果。在临床肿瘤学中，在过去二十年里，液体活检已成为传统活检的一种无创且可早期检测的替代方法。分析液体活检样本（包括循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）、循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）、循环游离RNA（cfRNA）和肿瘤细胞外囊泡）的核酸含量，为癌症检测和监测提供了一种无创方法。在本综述中，我们探讨了各种Cas（CRISPR相关）酶的特性如何在癌症液体活检的诊断检测中得到应用，并强调了它们在监测以及癌症早期快速检测方面创新方法的主要应用。
