Mullins Thomas P, Gallo Linda A, McIntyre H David, Barrett Helen L
Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD, Australia.
Front Clin Diabetes Healthc. 2024 Dec 17;5:1351317. doi: 10.3389/fcdhc.2024.1351317. eCollection 2024.
The 'Developmental Origins of Health and Disease' (DOHaD) hypothesis postulates that exposures during critical periods of development and growth, including maternal hyperglycemia, can have significant consequences for short- and long-term health in offspring. The influence of fetal status on maternal (patho)physiology is less well understood but gaining attention. Fetal sex specifically may be an independent risk factor for a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including increased gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) frequency with male fetuses in multi-ethnic populations. Fetal sex has been thought to modulate maternal glucose metabolism, including insulin dynamics, through complex genetic and hormonal interactions. Mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, however, but may relate to sexual dimorphism in maternal-fetal-placental interactions. We review current evidence on the potential influence of fetal sex on maternal glucose and insulin dynamics, and fetal outcomes.
“健康与疾病的发育起源”（DOHaD）假说假定，在发育和成长的关键时期所遭受的暴露，包括母体高血糖，可能会对后代的短期和长期健康产生重大影响。胎儿状况对母体（病理）生理学的影响了解较少，但正受到越来越多的关注。特别是胎儿性别可能是一系列不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素，包括在多民族人群中男性胎儿患妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的频率增加。胎儿性别被认为通过复杂的基因和激素相互作用来调节母体葡萄糖代谢，包括胰岛素动态。然而，其机制尚未完全阐明，但可能与母胎 - 胎盘相互作用中的性别二态性有关。我们综述了关于胎儿性别对母体葡萄糖和胰岛素动态以及胎儿结局潜在影响的现有证据。
