Abudari Mohammad Othman, Alreshidi Nahlah Fahad, Alharbi Saud Salman, Alziyadi Shatha Hallal, Alanazi Mansuor A, Kambal Nahla, Elmansy Fatma Mohamed, Elbqry Mohamed Goda
Community Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Aqaba, Jordan.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Haill, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jul 30;12:1625903. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1625903. eCollection 2025.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy-related complication with rising global prevalence, posing significant short-and long-term health risks to both mothers and their offspring. Various lifestyle and dietary factors have been implicated in its development. While dietary quality indices like the Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS) have shown promising associations with improved cardiometabolic outcomes, their relationship with GDM remains unclear. This study examines the relationship between the Lifelines Diet Score and the odds of gestational diabetes mellitus.
This case-control investigation was conducted at a tertiary care referral center, specifically Qassim University Hospital, with participant enrollment occurring from January 2022 to January 2025. The study cohort consisted of 150 cases and 150 matched controls. Individual food consumption was documented to compute the LLDS utilizing a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.
A total of 300 participants (150 cases and 150 controls) were included. No significant differences were observed between groups regarding age, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, or education level. However, the case group had significantly higher gravidity ( = 0.024) and a greater family history of GDM ( = 0.041). Higher LLDS quartiles were associated with healthier nutrient profiles and favorable food group consumption, including increased intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes/nuts, and decreased intake of red/processed meats and sugar-sweetened beverages (P-trend < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression showed a significant inverse association between LLDS and odds of GDM. Compared to the lowest quartile, participants in the highest LLDS quartile had 76% lower odds of GDM (adjusted OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.12-0.40; P-trend < 0.001).
Our findings indicate that greater adherence to the LLDS may be associated with reduced odds of GDM. Although the case-control design precludes causal inferences, these results highlight the potential significance of overall dietary quality in maternal metabolic health. Further prospective and intervention studies are warranted to validate these associations and elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which a high-quality diet may mitigate the odds of GDM.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一种常见的妊娠相关并发症，全球患病率呈上升趋势，对母亲及其后代均构成重大的短期和长期健康风险。多种生活方式和饮食因素与该病的发生有关。虽然像生命线饮食评分（LLDS）这样的饮食质量指标已显示出与改善心脏代谢结局有良好关联，但其与妊娠期糖尿病的关系仍不明确。本研究探讨生命线饮食评分与妊娠期糖尿病发生几率之间的关系。
本病例对照研究在一家三级医疗转诊中心，即卡西姆大学医院进行，研究对象于2022年1月至2025年1月入组。研究队列包括150例病例和150例匹配对照。通过半定量食物频率问卷记录个体食物摄入量以计算LLDS。
共纳入300名参与者（150例病例和150例对照）。两组在年龄、体重指数、身体活动、吸烟状况或教育水平方面未观察到显著差异。然而，病例组的妊娠次数显著更高（P = 0.024），且妊娠期糖尿病家族史更明显（P = 0.041）。较高的LLDS四分位数与更健康的营养状况和良好的食物组摄入相关，包括蔬菜、水果、豆类/坚果摄入量增加，以及红肉/加工肉类和含糖饮料摄入量减少（P趋势<0.05）。多变量逻辑回归显示LLDS与妊娠期糖尿病发生几率之间存在显著负相关。与最低四分位数相比，LLDS最高四分位数的参与者患妊娠期糖尿病的几率低76%（调整后的比值比：0.23，95%置信区间：0.12 - 0.40；P趋势<0.001）。
我们的研究结果表明，更高程度地遵循LLDS可能与妊娠期糖尿病发生几率降低有关。尽管病例对照设计无法进行因果推断，但这些结果凸显了总体饮食质量在孕产妇代谢健康中的潜在重要性。有必要开展进一步的前瞻性和干预性研究来验证这些关联，并阐明高质量饮食可能降低妊娠期糖尿病发生几率的潜在机制。
