Sharma Vikrant, Sharma Priyanka, Singh Baljit
Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India.
Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Mar;292:139364. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.139364. Epub 2024 Dec 30.
The versatile properties of carbohydrate polymers make them a relevant, promising precursor to design innovative materials for use in biomedical applications. Recent research mainly focuses on the development of the polysaccharide based functional materials. Hydrogel derived materials are a source of great motivation for the development of drug delivery (DD) carriers with inherent therapeutic potential. Herein, almond gum-based hydrogels were synthesized for the delivery of the anticancer drug methotrexate after impregnation to improve the DD profile. Hydrogels were characterized by FESEM, EDS, AFM, C NMR, FTIR, TGA, DSC, XRD, mechanical strength & biomedical assay. The optimized network hydrogel exhibited a mesh size of 19.764 mm and a cross-linking density of 5.002 × 10 mol/cm of the hydrogels. Morphological features revealed irregular, uneven internal morphology of hydrogels in FE-SEM. The inclusion of sulphated and amide polymers in hydrogels was found in elemental composition (C = 60.72 %, O = 29.79 %, N = 6.63 % and S = 2.86 %) of hydrogels inferred from EDS. Spectroscopic characterization by FT-IR and C NMR confirmed the inclusion of PVP and PVSA through grafting reaction. The crosslinked product formed was found thermally stable and amorphous in nature through TGA and XRD analysis. The sustained release was found through supramolecular interactions and release complied a non-Fickian mechanism for drug diffusion (n = 0.73) and the release profile was best described by the Hixson-Crowell kinetic model in colonic pH. The hydrogels were mucoadhesive in nature and required 144 ± 10.54 mN force for the separation of hydrogels from the mucosal surface during the adhesion test. Hydrogel illustrated antioxidant activity (32.68 ± 0.83 μg GAE) during their radical scavenging test by FC reagent assay. Drug encapsulated hydrogels demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy against microbes. The results of physico-chemical and biomedical properties of hydrogels suggested their suitability for biomedical uses.
碳水化合物聚合物的多种特性使其成为设计用于生物医学应用的创新材料的相关且有前景的前体。最近的研究主要集中在基于多糖的功能材料的开发上。水凝胶衍生材料是开发具有内在治疗潜力的药物递送（DD）载体的巨大动力来源。在此，通过浸渍合成了基于杏仁胶的水凝胶，用于递送抗癌药物甲氨蝶呤，以改善药物递送情况。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、碳核磁共振（C NMR）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TGA）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、X射线衍射（XRD）、机械强度和生物医学检测对水凝胶进行了表征。优化后的网络水凝胶的孔径为19.764 毫米，水凝胶的交联密度为5.002×10摩尔/立方厘米。形态学特征显示，在场发射扫描电子显微镜下，水凝胶的内部形态不规则且不均匀。从能谱仪推断的水凝胶元素组成（碳 = 60.72%，氧 = 29.79%，氮 = 6.63%，硫 = 2.86%）中发现水凝胶中含有硫酸化和酰胺化聚合物。傅里叶变换红外光谱和碳核磁共振的光谱表征通过接枝反应证实了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和聚（乙烯磺酸）（PVSA）的存在。通过热重分析和X射线衍射分析发现形成的交联产物在热方面稳定且为无定形。通过超分子相互作用发现了药物的持续释放，并且释放符合药物扩散的非菲克扩散机制（n = 0.73），在结肠pH值下，释放情况最好用希克森 - 克劳威尔动力学模型来描述。水凝胶本质上具有粘膜粘附性，在粘附测试中，将水凝胶从粘膜表面分离需要144±10.54毫牛顿的力。在通过铁氰化钾试剂法进行的自由基清除测试中，水凝胶表现出抗氧化活性（32.68±0.83微克没食子酸当量）。包封药物的水凝胶对微生物具有抗菌功效。水凝胶的物理化学和生物医学特性结果表明它们适用于生物医学用途。
