Commentary on "A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing objectively measured and estimated fitness to predict all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults".

• Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) reduces all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risks. • CRF measured from cardiopulmonary exercise testing and estimated from maximal treadmill duration, submaximal exercise tests, and non-exercise algorithms show similar associations between CRF and all-cause and CVD mortality. • Protective associations between higher CRF and all-cause and CVD mortality were consistent when stratified by measurement year, global region, age, gender, follow-up duration, number of mortality events, and exercise test modality. • Populations with low CRF are encouraged to engage in moderate-intensity physical activity to reduce their risks for all-cause and CVD mortality.