运动过程中性别和耐力训练通过脂质介导的心血管保护作用。
Sex- and endurance training-mediated cardiovascular protection through lipids during exercise.
作者信息
An Julia, Thorson Ariel S, Wasserman David H, Stafford John M, Zhu Lin
机构信息
Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Johns Hopkins University Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Tennessee Valley Health System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA.
出版信息
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Dec 31. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.12.004.
Premenopausal women and endurance-trained individuals of either sex have reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Endurance training shifts fuel selection towards fats to spare carbohydrates; interestingly, women prioritize fats as an energy resource more than men do during exercise. Relying on fats during exercise drives whole-body lipolysis and promotes lipid uptake and oxidation capacity in skeletal muscles. These metabolic adaptations during exercise result in protection against diet-induced obesity, a healthy body fat distribution, and reduced plasma triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations. Here, we analyze how sex differences and endurance training mediate changes in skeletal muscles, including exercise-induced lipolysis, lipid uptake and β-oxidation, intramuscular TG storage, and postexercise lipid metabolism, and discuss how regulating this processes affects CVD risk.
绝经前女性和经过耐力训练的男女个体患心血管疾病（CVD）的风险较低。耐力训练会使能量来源选择转向脂肪，以节省碳水化合物；有趣的是，女性在运动过程中比男性更倾向于将脂肪作为能量来源。运动时依靠脂肪会驱动全身脂肪分解，并促进骨骼肌对脂质的摄取和氧化能力。运动过程中的这些代谢适应可预防饮食诱导的肥胖、使身体脂肪分布健康，并降低血浆三酰甘油（TG）浓度。在此，我们分析性别差异和耐力训练如何介导骨骼肌的变化，包括运动诱导的脂肪分解、脂质摄取和β氧化、肌肉内TG储存以及运动后脂质代谢，并讨论调节这些过程如何影响心血管疾病风险。
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