Apprey Charles, Addae Hammond Yaw, Osei Monica, Danquah Irene, Annan Reginald
Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.
Nursing & Midwifery Training College, Kpembe, Ghana.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Jan 2;25(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-10395-z.
Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continue to face heightened susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OIs). Adequate nutrition remains an essential factor that positively influences disease progression and the occurrence of OIs. In Ghana, no study has evaluated the association between dietary diversity and OI occurrence among adults with HIV. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary diversity and the presence of OIs among HIV-positive adults receiving ART.
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 HIV-positive adults receiving ART from February 2023 to April 2023 at Kumasi South Hospital, Ghana. The study participants were selected using a convenient sampling method. A pre-tested questionnaire and review of electronic health records were used to collect sociodemographic, nutritional and clinical data. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify variables significantly associated with the study outcome and hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between dietary diversity and the occurrence of OIs while controlling for confounders at p-value < 0.05.
The mean age and dietary diversity were 46.2 ± 10.9 years and 4.0 (IQR: 3.0 to 6.0) food groups, respectively. Out of 291 respondents, 152 (52.2%) had inadequate dietary diversity and 39 (13.4%) had at least one OI. The respondents with inadequate dietary diversity were three times more likely to have an OI than their peers with adequate dietary diversity [AOR 3.03, (95% CI: 1.20 to 7.64), p = 0.019].
This study revealed that inadequate dietary diversity is a significant nutritional problem and dietary diversity was associated with the presence of OIs among PLWHA on ART at the study site. Hence, there is the need to enhance the intake of diversified diets based on locally available foods. This could decrease the occurrence of OIs and eventually reduce HIV-related morbidity/mortality.
尽管抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）取得了进展，但人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）感染者仍然面临着更高的机会性感染（OIs）易感性。充足的营养仍然是对疾病进展和机会性感染的发生产生积极影响的重要因素。在加纳，尚无研究评估HIV感染成年人的饮食多样性与机会性感染发生之间的关联。本研究旨在评估接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV阳性成年人的饮食多样性与机会性感染发生之间的关联。
2023年2月至2023年4月，在加纳库马西南医院对291名接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV阳性成年人进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用方便抽样方法选取研究参与者。通过一份预先测试的问卷和电子健康记录审查来收集社会人口学、营养和临床数据。进行二元逻辑回归分析以确定与研究结果显著相关的变量，并使用分层多变量逻辑回归来评估饮食多样性与机会性感染发生之间的关联，同时控制p值<0.05的混杂因素。
平均年龄和饮食多样性分别为46.2±10.9岁和4.0（四分位间距：3.0至6.0）个食物组。在291名受访者中，152人（52.2%）饮食多样性不足，39人（13.4%）至少患有一种机会性感染。饮食多样性不足的受访者患机会性感染的可能性是饮食多样性充足的同龄人3倍 [调整后比值比3.03，（95%置信区间：1.20至7.64），p = 0.019]。
本研究表明，饮食多样性不足是一个严重的营养问题，且在研究地点接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者中，饮食多样性与机会性感染的发生有关。因此，有必要增加基于当地可得食物的多样化饮食摄入。这可以减少机会性感染的发生，并最终降低与HIV相关的发病率/死亡率。
