Nieto Kelly, Windsor Daniel S, Vishnugopi Bairav S, Mukherjee Partha P, Prieto Amy L
Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Nat Rev Chem. 2025 Feb;9(2):118-133. doi: 10.1038/s41570-024-00659-2. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
There is an urgent need for improved energy storage devices to enable advances in markets ranging from small-scale applications (such as portable electronic devices) to large-scale energy storage for transportation and electric-grid energy. Next-generation batteries must be characterized by high energy density, high power density, fast charging capabilities, operation over a wide temperature range and safety. To achieve such ambitious performance metrics, creative solutions that synergistically combine state-of-the-art material systems with advanced architectures must be developed. The development of 3D batteries is a promising solution for achieving these targets. However, considerable challenges remain related to integrating the various components of a battery into an architecture that is truly 3D. In this Review, we describe the status of 3D batteries, highlight key advances in terms of mechanistic insights and relevant performance descriptors, and suggest future steps for translating current concepts into commercially relevant solutions.
迫切需要改进储能设备，以推动从小规模应用（如便携式电子设备）到交通运输和电网能源大规模储能等市场的发展。下一代电池必须具备高能量密度、高功率密度、快速充电能力、在宽温度范围内运行以及安全性等特点。为实现如此宏伟的性能指标，必须开发出能将先进材料系统与先进架构协同结合的创新解决方案。三维电池的开发是实现这些目标的一个有前景的解决方案。然而，在将电池的各个组件集成到真正的三维架构方面，仍存在相当大的挑战。在本综述中，我们描述了三维电池的现状，强调了在机理洞察和相关性能描述方面的关键进展，并提出了将当前概念转化为商业相关解决方案的未来步骤。
