Mansouri Sofiene
Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
University of Tunis El Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Tunis, Tunisia.
J Mater Chem B. 2025 Jan 29;13(5):1586-1598. doi: 10.1039/d4tb02465f.
Exosomes, which are considered nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), are secreted by various cell types and widely distributed in different biological fluids. They consist of multifarious bioactive molecules and use systematic circulation for their transfer to adjoining cells. This phenomenon enables exosomes to take part in intercellular and intracellular communications. They serve as novel and important cancer biomarkers due to their ability to be obtained from various biological fluids and the presence of nucleic acids, proteins, glycoconjugates, and lipids in their structure. The advancement of sensitive and selective exosome detection approaches continues to be a critical challenge that must be addressed. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of 2D and 3D synthetic organic and crystalline nanomaterials, forming through the self-assembly of organic linking molecules and metal ions. The exploration of MOF-based molecules in the recognition of exosomes is an essential aspect in the development of cutting-edge sensing platforms due to their tunable pore structures, excellent adsorption capabilities, and high surface area. Their advantages allow for the inclusion of a large number of electroactive molecules and biological elements, thereby enhancing their electrical conductivity and selectivity, respectively. The synergetic effect of nanomaterials and bioreceptors allows for efficient detection probes. In this review, the different roles of MOFs in the biosensing of exosomes are highlighted, providing a comprehensive understanding of biosensing approaches in this area. In addition, probes based on MOFs and different bioreceptors are investigated for detecting these important cancer biomarkers. The current gaps in this field and future perspectives are discussed.
外泌体被认为是纳米级的细胞外囊泡（EVs），由多种细胞类型分泌，广泛分布于不同的生物体液中。它们由多种生物活性分子组成，并通过血液循环转移到相邻细胞。这种现象使外泌体能够参与细胞间和细胞内通讯。由于它们能够从各种生物体液中获取，并且其结构中存在核酸、蛋白质、糖缀合物和脂质，因此它们是新型且重要的癌症生物标志物。灵敏且选择性的外泌体检测方法的发展仍然是一个必须解决的关键挑战。金属有机框架（MOFs）是一类二维和三维的合成有机晶体纳米材料，通过有机连接分子和金属离子的自组装形成。由于其可调的孔结构、出色的吸附能力和高比表面积，探索基于MOF的分子用于外泌体识别是前沿传感平台发展的一个重要方面。它们的优势允许包含大量的电活性分子和生物元件，从而分别提高其导电性和选择性。纳米材料和生物受体的协同作用产生了高效的检测探针。在这篇综述中，强调了MOFs在外泌体生物传感中的不同作用，全面了解了该领域的生物传感方法。此外，还研究了基于MOFs和不同生物受体的探针用于检测这些重要的癌症生物标志物。讨论了该领域目前的差距和未来展望。
