Department of Pharmacy , Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China.
College of Pharmacy , Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan , Shandong 250355 , China.
Mol Pharm. 2019 Aug 5;16(8):3333-3349. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00409. Epub 2019 Jul 10.
Exosomes are described as nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by multiple cell types and extensively distributed in various biological fluids. They contain multifarious bioactive molecules and transfer them to adjoining or distal cells through systemic circulation, participating in intracellular and intercellular communication, and modulating host-tumor cell interactions. Recent research has indicated that exosomes obtained from different biological fluids and their contents (proteins, nucleic acids, glycoconjugates, and lipids) can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. Furthermore, the discovery of exosomes as therapeutic delivery vehicles has drawn much attention in antineoplastic drug delivery. They can be utilized for therapeutic delivery of proteins, genetic drugs, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Herein, this review summarizes the biogenesis, structure, and components of exosomes, focusing primarily on their two possible applications as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic delivery vehicles for cancers.
外泌体被描述为多种细胞类型分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡（EVs），广泛分布于各种生物体液中。它们包含多种生物活性分子，并通过全身循环将其传递给相邻或远端细胞，参与细胞内和细胞间的通讯，并调节宿主-肿瘤细胞的相互作用。最近的研究表明，来自不同生物体液的外泌体及其内容物（蛋白质、核酸、糖缀合物和脂质）可以作为癌症诊断、预后和治疗反应的生物标志物。此外，外泌体作为治疗性药物递送载体的发现引起了抗肿瘤药物递送领域的广泛关注。它们可用于蛋白质、基因药物和化疗药物的治疗性递送。本文综述了外泌体的生物发生、结构和组成，重点介绍了它们作为癌症诊断生物标志物和治疗性药物递送载体的两种可能应用。
