Vernot Benjamin, Zavala Elena I, Gómez-Olivencia Asier, Jacobs Zenobia, Slon Viviane, Mafessoni Fabrizio, Romagné Frédéric, Pearson Alice, Petr Martin, Sala Nohemi, Pablos Adrián, Aranburu Arantza, de Castro José María Bermúdez, Carbonell Eudald, Li Bo, Krajcarz Maciej T, Krivoshapkin Andrey I, Kolobova Kseniya A, Kozlikin Maxim B, Shunkov Michael V, Derevianko Anatoly P, Viola Bence, Grote Steffi, Essel Elena, Herráez David López, Nagel Sarah, Nickel Birgit, Richter Julia, Schmidt Anna, Peter Benjamin, Kelso Janet, Roberts Richard G, Arsuaga Juan-Luis, Meyer Matthias
Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
Science. 2021 May 7;372(6542). doi: 10.1126/science.abf1667. Epub 2021 Apr 15.
Bones and teeth are important sources of Pleistocene hominin DNA, but are rarely recovered at archaeological sites. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been retrieved from cave sediments but provides limited value for studying population relationships. We therefore developed methods for the enrichment and analysis of nuclear DNA from sediments and applied them to cave deposits in western Europe and southern Siberia dated to between 200,000 and 50,000 years ago. We detected a population replacement in northern Spain about 100,000 years ago, which was accompanied by a turnover of mtDNA. We also identified two radiation events in Neanderthal history during the early part of the Late Pleistocene. Our work lays the ground for studying the population history of ancient hominins from trace amounts of nuclear DNA in sediments.
骨骼和牙齿是更新世古人类DNA的重要来源，但在考古遗址中很少被发现。线粒体DNA（mtDNA）已从洞穴沉积物中提取出来，但在研究种群关系方面价值有限。因此，我们开发了从沉积物中富集和分析核DNA的方法，并将其应用于西欧和西伯利亚南部可追溯到20万至5万年前的洞穴沉积物。我们检测到约10万年前西班牙北部发生了种群更替，同时伴随着mtDNA的更新。我们还在晚更新世早期的尼安德特人历史中识别出两次辐射事件。我们的工作为从沉积物中的微量核DNA研究古代古人类的种群历史奠定了基础。
