Hallig Simone J, Aalders Jori, Christensen Maria H, Andersen Marianne S, Vinter Christina A, Dunne Fidelma, Højlund Kurt, Jensen Dorte M, Overgaard Martin
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025 Mar;27(3):1456-1465. doi: 10.1111/dom.16148. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk for later development of type 2 diabetes. During pregnancy, GDM affects the cardio-metabolic protein profile; however, it is unknown how GDM affects the cardio-metabolic protein profile in the long term and if it is associated with type 2 diabetes after GDM. We hypothesise that the cardio-metabolic protein profile is affected long term and is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes after GDM.
A case-control follow-up study based on the Odense GDM Follow-Up Study (OGFUS) cohort, which included women with previous GDM (n = 128) and matched controls without previous GDM (n = 70). Blood samples from a follow-up assessment 8-10 years after delivery were analysed using a 29-plex panel of apolipoproteins, transport and inflammation/immune proteins using multiple-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry.
Apolipoprotein A-I, D and M were significantly lower in women with previous GDM compared to controls (all p < 0.001), while apolipoprotein L-I, H, vitamin D binding protein, CRP, vitronectin, transthyretin and complement factors 3 and B were significantly higher (p = 0.008, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively). All associations remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing except CRP, whereas apolipoprotein D, vitronectin and complement factors 3 and B were associated with the development of type 2 diabetes in women with previous GDM (p = 0.02, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively).
The cardio-metabolic protein profile 8-10 years after pregnancy is altered in women with previous GDM. Apolipoprotein D, vitronectin and complement factors 3 and B are candidate risk markers of type 2 diabetes after GDM pregnancy.
既往患有妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的女性日后发生2型糖尿病的风险增加。在孕期，GDM会影响心脏代谢蛋白谱；然而，GDM对心脏代谢蛋白谱的长期影响以及它是否与GDM后的2型糖尿病相关尚不清楚。我们推测心脏代谢蛋白谱会受到长期影响，且与GDM后的2型糖尿病发生有关。
一项基于奥登塞GDM随访研究（OGFUS）队列的病例对照随访研究，该队列包括既往患有GDM的女性（n = 128）和匹配的无既往GDM的对照者（n = 70）。使用29种载脂蛋白、转运蛋白以及炎症/免疫蛋白的多重反应监测质谱分析法对产后8至10年随访评估时采集的血样进行分析。
与对照组相比，既往患有GDM的女性中载脂蛋白A-I、D和M显著降低（均p < 0.001），而载脂蛋白L-I、H、维生素D结合蛋白、CRP、玻连蛋白、转甲状腺素蛋白以及补体因子3和B显著升高（分别为p = 0.008、p < 0.001、p < 0.001、p < 0.001、p < 0.001、p = 0.005）。除CRP外，经多重检验校正后所有关联仍具有显著性，而载脂蛋白D、玻连蛋白以及补体因子3和B与既往患有GDM的女性发生2型糖尿病有关（分别为p = 0.02、p = 0.001、p < 0.001、p = 0.004）。
既往患有GDM的女性在产后8至10年的心脏代谢蛋白谱发生改变。载脂蛋白D、玻连蛋白以及补体因子3和B是GDM妊娠后2型糖尿病的候选风险标志物。
