北部湾一种新海鞘的形态特征、线粒体基因组及进化见解

Morphological Characteristics, Mitochondrial Genome, and Evolutionary Insights Into a New Sea Squirt From the Beibu Gulf.

作者信息

Zhang Yichuan, Qin Yuting, Wu Yueying, Liu Liping, Zhang Wenguang, Ding Ling, Ya Xiangpei, Wen Zhiting, Feng Kuaili, Wang Hong, Wang Yujun

机构信息

Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Ocean College Beibu Gulf University Qinzhou China.

Institute of Sericulture, Applied Technology R and D Center for Special Sericulture of Hebei Province Universities Institute of Sericulture, Chengde Medical University Chengde China.

出版信息

Ecol Evol. 2025 Jan 1;15(1):e70639. doi: 10.1002/ece3.70639. eCollection 2025 Jan.

DOI:10.1002/ece3.70639

PMID:39748808

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11693438/

Abstract

A new species of the genus Microcosmus was described in this study based on specimens collected from the coast of Xilian Town, Xuwen County, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. The morphological and molecular characteristics of this new species, sp. z YZ-2024 (YZ-2024), distinguish it from other sea squirts. Firstly, YZ-2024 can be preliminarily distinguished by the following morphological features: (1) smooth surface of the tunica, without protuberances; (2) except for the attachment site, the tunica is orange-red; (3) absence of neural ganglia, and the tunica does not contract abruptly when disturbed; (4) the heart is oval-shaped. Most importantly, the mitochondrial genome characteristics of YZ-2024 effectively and accurately distinguish it from other congeneric species, with a mitochondrial genome size of 14,520 bp (GenBank No. PP067884) and the proportions of bases A, T, G, and C comprising 26.83%, 47.16%, 16.91%, and 9.10%, respectively. Except for the gene COX1, the mitochondrial genome arrangement of YZ-2024 is totally different from that of 22 other species in the class Ascidiacea. Evolutionary analysis has indicated that YZ-2024 clusters with its congeneric species . Interestingly, YZ-2024 belongs to Pyuridae, but it clustered with 12 species of Styelidae into a clade. Based on this, it can be suggested that YZ-2024 is a new species of sea squirt in the northern Beibu Gulf of the South China Sea. Moreover, this study is the first report of molecular identification of sea squirt species in the northern Beibu Gulf of the South China Sea.

摘要

本研究基于从中国广东省湛江市徐闻县西连镇海岸采集的标本，描述了Microcosmus属的一个新物种。这个新物种YZ - 2024的形态和分子特征使其有别于其他海鞘。首先，YZ - 2024可通过以下形态特征初步区分：（1）被囊表面光滑，无突起；（2）除附着部位外，被囊为橙红色；（3）无神经节，受干扰时被囊不会突然收缩；（4）心脏呈椭圆形。最重要的是，YZ - 2024的线粒体基因组特征有效地、准确地将其与其他同属物种区分开来，其线粒体基因组大小为14,520 bp（GenBank编号PP067884），碱基A、T、G和C的比例分别为26.83%、47.16%、16.91%和9.10%。除COX1基因外，YZ - 2024的线粒体基因组排列与海鞘纲其他22个物种完全不同。进化分析表明，YZ - 2024与其同属物种聚类。有趣的是，YZ - 2024属于Pyuridae科，但它与12种Styelidae科物种聚为一个分支。据此，可以认为YZ - 2024是中国南海北部湾北部海鞘的一个新物种。此外，本研究是中国南海北部湾北部海鞘物种分子鉴定的首次报道。