大学生的分裂型特质：与共情及精神症状的关联
Schizotypal Traits in College Students: Association with Empathy and Psychiatric Symptoms.
作者信息
Pérez-Ferrara David, Flores Medina Yvonne, Yáñez-Téllez Guillermina, Solís-Vivanco Rodolfo, Mondragón-Maya Alejandra
机构信息
Iztacala Higher Education Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MEX.
Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, MEX.
出版信息
Cureus. 2024 Dec 2;16(12):e74995. doi: 10.7759/cureus.74995. eCollection 2024 Dec.
BACKGROUND
Recent research shows that individuals exhibiting schizotypal traits (ST) are more prone to developing other psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Regarding the relationship between empathy and schizotypy, a considerable degree of heterogeneity has been observed. The objective of this study was to describe the presence of ST in college students and the relationships among ST, psychiatric symptoms, and empathy.
METHOD
The present study employed a non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational design. A total of 70 participants were assessed with a semi-structured interview, the Oviedo Questionnaire for the Assessment of Schizotypy, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the Cognitive and Affective Empathy Test.
RESULTS
A high prevalence of ST was identified in the study sample (85.8%), particularly regarding Distortion of reality (30%), Negative dimension (47%), and Interpersonal disorganization (70%). A positive correlation was observed between Distortion of reality and Interpersonal disorganization with most of the subscales of the SCL-90-R. A negative correlation was observed between Empathic joy and the Negative dimension of ST (rho (ρ) = -0.504, p = < .001), and a positive correlation between Empathic stress and Obsession-compulsion (ρ = 0.473, p < 0.001), Anxiety (ρ = 0.443, p < 0.001), and Depression (ρ = 0.368, p = 0.002). The results of the multiple linear regressions indicated that ST accounted for 41.8% of the variance in Obsession-compulsion, followed by Depression (33%), and Anxiety (27.2%). In addition, it was found that Empathic stress was a significant predictor of Anxiety (R² = 0.228, p ≤ .001), Obsession-compulsion (R² = 0.168, p ≤ .001), and Depressive symptoms (R² = 0.131, p = 0.002). Finally, it was observed that psychiatric symptoms fully mediated the effect of Empathic stress on Interpersonal disorganization and Distortion of reality.
CONCLUSIONS
There were distinctive patterns in which the different dimensions of ST are related to psychiatric symptoms and empathy.
背景
近期研究表明，表现出分裂型特质（ST）的个体更容易患上其他精神疾病，如焦虑症和抑郁症。关于共情与分裂型特质之间的关系，已观察到相当程度的异质性。本研究的目的是描述大学生中ST的存在情况以及ST、精神症状和共情之间的关系。
方法
本研究采用非实验性横断面相关设计。共有70名参与者接受了半结构化访谈、奥维耶多分裂型特质评估问卷、症状自评量表90修订版（SCL-90-R）以及认知与情感共情测试。
结果
在研究样本中发现ST的患病率很高（85.8%），尤其是在现实扭曲（30%）、消极维度（47%）和人际紊乱（70%）方面。观察到现实扭曲和人际紊乱与SCL-90-R的大多数子量表之间存在正相关。观察到共情喜悦与ST的消极维度之间存在负相关（皮尔逊相关系数（ρ）=-0.504，p =<.001），共情压力与强迫观念（ρ = 0.473，p < 0.001）、焦虑（ρ = 0.443，p < 0.001）和抑郁（ρ = 0.368，p = 0.002）之间存在正相关。多元线性回归结果表明，ST占强迫观念方差的41.8%，其次是抑郁（33%）和焦虑（27.2%）。此外，发现共情压力是焦虑（决定系数R² = 0.228，p ≤.001）、强迫观念（R² = 0.168，p ≤.001）和抑郁症状（R² = 0.131，p = 0.002）的显著预测因子。最后，观察到精神症状完全介导了共情压力对人际紊乱和现实扭曲的影响。
结论
ST的不同维度与精神症状和共情之间存在独特的模式。
Zotero 插件