Christensen Ronja, Haenschel Corinna, Gaigg Sebastian B, Fett Anne-Kathrin J
Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London ECIV 0HB, UK.
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF London, UK.
Schizophr Res Cogn. 2022 Sep;29:100243. doi: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100243. Epub 2022 Feb 22.
Loneliness is common in psychosis and occurs along a continuum. Here we investigate inter-relationships between loneliness, three-dimensional schizotypy, and depressive symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 507 university students (48.3% participated before and 51.7% during the COVID-19 pandemic) who completed the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief, the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms depression scale and the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. Schizotypy and depression scores were regressed onto loneliness individually and in multiple regressions. The cohorts did not differ in any of the schizotypy domains (all > .29). Depressive symptoms ( = .05) and loneliness ( = .006) were higher during the pandemic than before. Across cohorts, loneliness was significantly associated with positive ( = 0.23, < .001), negative ( = 0.44, < .001), and disorganised schizotypy ( = 0.44, < .001), and with depression ( = 0.72, < .001). Schizotypy together explained a significant amount of variance in loneliness (R = 0.26), with significant associations with positive ( = -0.09, = .047), negative ( = 0.31, < .001) and disorganised schizotypy ( = 0.34, < .001). When depression was included ( = 0.69, < .001), only positive ( = -0.09, = .008) and negative schizotypy ( = 0.22, < .001) significantly predicted loneliness. When all schizotypy dimensions and depression were considered together, only negative schizotypy and depression significantly predicted loneliness. Loneliness and depressive symptoms were higher during the pandemic, but this did not relate to cohort differences in schizotypy.
孤独在精神病中很常见，且呈连续状态。在此，我们调查了新冠疫情之前及期间孤独感、三维精神分裂症型人格特质与抑郁症状之间的相互关系。样本包括507名大学生（48.3%在新冠疫情之前参与，51.7%在新冠疫情期间参与），他们完成了《多维精神分裂症型人格特质量表简版》、《心理咨询中心心理症状抑郁量表》以及《加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校孤独量表》。分别将精神分裂症型人格特质得分和抑郁得分单独以及在多元回归中对孤独感进行回归分析。两组在任何精神分裂症型人格特质领域均无差异（所有p值均>.29）。疫情期间的抑郁症状（p =.05）和孤独感（p =.006）高于疫情之前。在所有组中，孤独感与阳性（β = 0.23，p <.001）、阴性（β = 0.44，p <.001）和紊乱型精神分裂症型人格特质（β = 0.44，p <.001）以及抑郁（β = 0.72，p <.001）均显著相关。精神分裂症型人格特质共同解释了孤独感中相当一部分的变异（R² = 0.26），与阳性（β = -0.09，p =.047）、阴性（β = 0.31，p <.001）和紊乱型精神分裂症型人格特质（β = 0.34，p <.001）均存在显著关联。当纳入抑郁因素时（β = 0.69，p <.001），只有阳性（β = -0.09，p =.008）和阴性精神分裂症型人格特质（β = 0.22，p <.001）能显著预测孤独感。当同时考虑所有精神分裂症型人格特质维度和抑郁因素时，只有阴性精神分裂症型人格特质和抑郁能显著预测孤独感。疫情期间孤独感和抑郁症状更高，但这与精神分裂症型人格特质的组间差异无关。
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