Omori Naomi Elyse, Malys Mantas Kazimieras, Woo Geoffrey, Mansor Latt
Health Via Modern Nutrition Inc. (H.V.M.N.), San Francisco, CA, United States.
Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom.
Front Nutr. 2024 Dec 19;11:1485280. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1485280. eCollection 2024.
Despite being the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, there are comparatively few treatment options available to patients presenting with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The ketogenic diet has historically shown therapeutic utility in treating refractory epilepsy, an adjacent neuropsychiatric condition, in children, adolescents and adults. The following review explores preclinical and clinical literature focusing on the therapeutic potential of the ketogenic diet and exogenous ketone body supplementation in treating common neurodevelopmental disorders.
A narrative review of extant literature was conducted across the domains of perinatal nutrition, ASD, and ADHD. Preclinical and clinical studies focusing on the effect of either the ketogenic diet or exogenous ketone supplementation as a treatment option were included for review.
14 preclinical and 10 clinical studies were included for discussion. Data supporting the use of a ketogenic intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders is mixed. High heterogeneity in study design was noted for preclinical models, ketogenic intervention, and outcomes measured.
Studies evaluating ketogenic interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders remain in their infancy in terms of both the depth and scope of available literature. The safety and tolerability of ketogenic diets and supplements means there would be value in exploring their effectiveness further in clinical studies.
尽管自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见的神经发育障碍，但针对患有这些疾病的患者，可供选择的治疗方案相对较少。生酮饮食在历史上已显示出对治疗儿童、青少年和成人难治性癫痫（一种相邻的神经精神疾病）具有治疗作用。以下综述探讨了临床前和临床文献，重点关注生酮饮食和外源性酮体补充剂在治疗常见神经发育障碍方面的治疗潜力。
对围产期营养、ASD和ADHD领域的现有文献进行叙述性综述。纳入了关注生酮饮食或外源性酮补充剂作为治疗选择的效果的临床前和临床研究进行综述。
纳入14项临床前研究和10项临床研究进行讨论。支持将生酮干预用于神经发育障碍的数据参差不齐。临床前模型、生酮干预和所测量的结果在研究设计上存在高度异质性。
就现有文献的深度和范围而言，评估生酮干预对神经发育障碍作用的研究仍处于起步阶段。生酮饮食和补充剂的安全性和耐受性意味着在临床研究中进一步探索其有效性具有价值。
