Saris Christiaan G J, Timmers Silvie
Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Front Nutr. 2022 Nov 15;9:947567. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.947567. eCollection 2022.
Ketogenic diets and orally administered exogenous ketone supplements are strategies to increase serum ketone bodies serving as an alternative energy fuel for high energy demanding tissues, such as the brain, muscles, and the heart. The ketogenic diet is a low-carbohydrate and fat-rich diet, whereas ketone supplements are usually supplied as esters or salts. Nutritional ketosis, defined as serum ketone concentrations of ≥ 0.5 mmol/L, has a fasting-like effect and results in all sorts of metabolic shifts and thereby enhancing the health status. In this review, we thus discuss the different interventions to reach nutritional ketosis, and summarize the effects on heart diseases, epilepsy, mitochondrial diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Interest in the proposed therapeutic benefits of nutritional ketosis has been growing the past recent years. The implication of this nutritional intervention is becoming more evident and has shown interesting potential. Mechanistic insights explaining the overall health effects of the ketogenic state, will lead to precision nutrition for the latter diseases.
生酮饮食和口服外源性酮补充剂是增加血清酮体的策略，酮体可作为大脑、肌肉和心脏等高能量需求组织的替代能量燃料。生酮饮食是一种低碳水化合物、高脂肪的饮食，而酮补充剂通常以酯类或盐类形式提供。营养性酮症被定义为血清酮浓度≥0.5 mmol/L，具有类似禁食的作用，会导致各种代谢变化，从而改善健康状况。因此，在本综述中，我们讨论了实现营养性酮症的不同干预措施，并总结了其对心脏病、癫痫、线粒体疾病和神经退行性疾病的影响。近年来，人们对营养性酮症的潜在治疗益处的兴趣日益浓厚。这种营养干预的意义越来越明显，并显示出有趣的潜力。解释生酮状态对整体健康影响的机制性见解，将为上述疾病带来精准营养。
