Dias Marina F, Cruz-Cazarim Estael L C, Pittella Frederico, Baião Ana, Pacheco Ana Catarina, Sarmento Bruno, Fialho Silvia L
Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro 80, Gameleira, Belo Horizonte, CEP 30510-010, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CEP 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2025 Jan 3. doi: 10.1007/s13346-024-01772-x.
Current treatments for retinal disorders are anti-angiogenic agents, laser photocoagulation, and photodynamic therapies. These conventional treatments focus on reducing abnormal blood vessel formation in the retina, which, in a low-oxygen environment, can lead to harmful proliferation of endothelial cells. This results in dysfunctional, leaky blood vessels that cause retinal edema, hemorrhage, and vision loss. Age-related Macular Degeneration is a primary cause of vision loss and blindness in the elderly, impacting around 20% of those over 50 years old. This complex disease is also closely related to oxidative stress in retina. In this review, we explore the challenge of treating retinal diseases, alternatives and possibilities of enhancing the effectiveness of therapies using co-delivery systems containing both antiangiogenic and antioxidant therapeutic agents. Despite recent proposals potential, the lack of extensive clinical studies on the long-term outcomes and optimal combinations of therapies means that the full risk profile and effectiveness of combined therapy are not yet completely understood. These factors must be carefully considered and managed by healthcare providers to optimize treatment outcomes and ensure patient safety.
目前用于治疗视网膜疾病的方法有抗血管生成药物、激光光凝和光动力疗法。这些传统治疗方法专注于减少视网膜中异常血管的形成，在低氧环境下，这可能导致内皮细胞有害增殖。这会导致功能失调、渗漏的血管，进而引起视网膜水肿、出血和视力丧失。年龄相关性黄斑变性是老年人视力丧失和失明的主要原因，影响着约20%的50岁以上人群。这种复杂疾病也与视网膜中的氧化应激密切相关。在本综述中，我们探讨了治疗视网膜疾病的挑战，以及使用包含抗血管生成和抗氧化治疗药物的共递送系统提高治疗效果的替代方法和可能性。尽管最近有潜在的提议，但缺乏关于长期结果和最佳治疗组合的广泛临床研究，这意味着联合治疗的全部风险概况和有效性尚未完全了解。医疗保健提供者必须仔细考虑和管理这些因素，以优化治疗结果并确保患者安全。
