Linder R M, Upton J
Postgrad Med. 1985 Mar;77(4):105-9, 112, 114. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1985.11698920.
Intravenously administered drugs with potentially devastating consequences should be given only by personnel highly knowledgeable regarding the side effects and skilled in intravenous cannulation. A strict protocol should be followed. The earliest signs heralding extravasation should be recognized and infusion discontinued immediately. If extravasation occurs, prompt surgical consultation is necessary. Injection into the volar wrist, dorsum of the hand, and antecubital fossa should always be avoided. Polyethylene catheters are preferable to butterfly needles for administering chemotherapeutic agents. A careful history of the venous problems of patients who require long-term therapy should be maintained in their chart. Ideally, vascular access should avoid these problems.
具有潜在严重后果的静脉注射药物，应由对副作用有深入了解且静脉穿刺技术熟练的人员给药。应遵循严格的规程。应识别出外渗的最早迹象，并立即停止输液。如果发生外渗，必须迅速进行外科会诊。应始终避免在手的掌侧腕部、手背和肘前窝进行注射。在输注化疗药物时，聚乙烯导管比蝶形针更可取。对于需要长期治疗的患者，应在其病历中详细记录静脉问题的病史。理想情况下，血管通路应避免这些问题。
