Kao Pei-Hsin, Ho Chung-Han, Huang Charles Lung-Cheng
Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 3;20(1):e0315587. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315587. eCollection 2025.
This cross-sectional, nationwide, population-based study aimed to elucidate sex differences in psychiatric comorbidities of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across children, adolescents, and adults. We analyzed data from Taiwan's comprehensive healthcare database, including 112,225 individuals diagnosed with ADHD, categorized by age (0-12, 13-18, ≥18 years) and sex. Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed using ICD-9-CM codes, focusing on age and sex-specific prevalence. Among the cohort, 83.50% were children (0-12 years) presenting primarily with learning disabilities and tics, while adolescents (13-18 years; 11.88%) had higher instances of oppositional defiant and conduct disorders. In adults (≥18 years; 4.62%), the prevalence of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and substance misuse was notably higher. Males under 18 predominantly had ADHD, whereas females exhibited increased vulnerability to emotional disorders. In adulthood, males showed greater susceptibility to most psychiatric comorbidities, except sleep disorders. The study highlights the evolving nature of ADHD-related psychiatric comorbidities across different life stages, with distinct sex-based patterns. The transition from childhood to adulthood sees an increased prevalence of various psychiatric conditions, particularly impacting adult males. These findings underscore the need for age- and sex-specific therapeutic approaches in ADHD management. The cultural context of the study necessitates further research in diverse populations for broader applicability of the findings.
这项基于全国人口的横断面研究旨在阐明注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在儿童、青少年和成人中的精神共病的性别差异。我们分析了来自台湾综合医疗数据库的数据，其中包括112225名被诊断患有ADHD的个体，按年龄（0 - 12岁、13 - 18岁、≥18岁）和性别进行分类。使用国际疾病分类第九版临床修订本（ICD - 9 - CM）编码评估精神共病，重点关注年龄和性别特异性患病率。在该队列中，83.50%为儿童（0 - 12岁），主要表现为学习障碍和抽动，而青少年（13 - 18岁；11.88%）出现对立违抗和品行障碍的情况较多。在成年人（≥18岁；4.62%）中，焦虑、抑郁、双相情感障碍和物质滥用的患病率显著更高。18岁以下男性主要患有ADHD，而女性更容易患情感障碍。在成年期，男性对大多数精神共病更易感，但睡眠障碍除外。该研究强调了ADHD相关精神共病在不同生命阶段的演变性质，具有明显的性别模式。从儿童到成年，各种精神疾病的患病率增加，对成年男性影响尤为明显。这些发现强调了在ADHD管理中需要针对年龄和性别的治疗方法。该研究的文化背景需要在不同人群中进行进一步研究，以使研究结果具有更广泛的适用性。
