Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Psychol Med. 2021 Aug;51(11):1890-1897. doi: 10.1017/S0033291720000665. Epub 2020 Apr 6.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with later depression and there is considerable genetic overlap between them. This study investigated if ADHD and ADHD genetic liability are causally related to depression using two different methods.
First, a longitudinal population cohort design was used to assess the association between childhood ADHD (age 7 years) and recurrent depression in young-adulthood (age 18-25 years) in N = 8310 individuals in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Second, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses examined relationships between genetic liability for ADHD and depression utilising published Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data.
Childhood ADHD was associated with an increased risk of recurrent depression in young-adulthood (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.73). MR analyses suggested a causal effect of ADHD genetic liability on major depression (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12-1.31). MR findings using a broader definition of depression differed, showing a weak influence on depression (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13).
Our findings suggest that ADHD increases the risk of depression later in life and are consistent with a causal effect of ADHD genetic liability on subsequent major depression. However, findings were different for more broadly defined depression.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与后期抑郁症有关，它们之间存在相当大的遗传重叠。本研究使用两种不同的方法来研究 ADHD 和 ADHD 遗传易感性是否与抑郁症有因果关系。
首先，采用纵向人群队列设计，在阿冯纵向父母与子女研究（ALSPAC）中评估 8310 名个体（年龄在 7 岁）的儿童期 ADHD 与青年期（年龄在 18-25 岁）的复发性抑郁之间的关联。其次，两样本 Mendelian 随机化（MR）分析利用已发表的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据，研究 ADHD 遗传易感性与抑郁之间的关系。
儿童期 ADHD 与青年期复发性抑郁的风险增加有关（OR 1.35，95%CI 1.05-1.73）。MR 分析表明 ADHD 遗传易感性对重度抑郁症有因果影响（OR 1.21，95%CI 1.12-1.31）。使用更广泛的抑郁症定义的 MR 结果不同，表明对抑郁症的影响较弱（OR 1.07，95%CI 1.02-1.13）。
我们的研究结果表明 ADHD 会增加日后患抑郁症的风险，并且与 ADHD 遗传易感性对随后发生的重度抑郁症有因果关系。然而，对于更广泛定义的抑郁症，研究结果则有所不同。
