Alanazi Khalid H, Roushdy Hala M, ALzubaidi Waad I, Alanazi Arwa S, Alanazi Nawal M, Alamri Ahlam H, Alnshbah Yahya I, Al Almatrafi Nawaf M, Al Shahrani Zainah M, Alanazi Adel S, Alshanbari Nasser H
General Directorate of Infection Prevention & Control, Ministry of Health-Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Research and Scientific Center in Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 3;20(1):e0313589. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313589. eCollection 2025.
Candida auris (C. auris) is an emerging fungus pathogen associated with nosocomial infections that is seen as a serious global health issue.
To describe the epidemiology and features of hospital-acquired Candida auris outbreaks in the Ministry of Health hospitals (MOH).
A three-year (2020-2022) retrospective analysis of Candida auris outbreaks in the Saudi MOH hospitals. A total of 45 hospitals were involved, with 511 cases of Candida auris. The data collected from the General Directorate of Infection Prevention and Control (GDIPC) platform comprises all patients' data for C. auris instances, whether infected or colonized.
Out of the 511 Candida auris recruited cases, 291 (56.9%) were infected, whereas 220 (43.1%) were colonized. 32.9% of cases were above the age of 65, and 68.9% were male. The majority of cases were admitted in the ICU unit (95.5%). Approximately 18.8% of cases were diabetes, and 18.5% were hypertensive. Central lines were discovered in 37.7% of the cases. Approximately 85.9% of cases had Foley catheters, 68.5% were on ventilators, and 53.8% had a tracheostomy. The crude mortality rate was particularly high (41.5%) among the study cases. It was non-significantly higher among infected individuals (44.7%) than colonized patients (37.3%) at (p value = 0.093). The prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.001), DM (p = 0.003), and peripheral line insertion (p = 0.004) was significantly higher among colonized patients. While the presence of COVID-19 (p = 0.001), and central line insertion (p = 0.001) was significantly higher among infected patients.
C. auris is a new pathogen that causes hospital outbreaks. Strict adherence to infection prevention and control criteria established by the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) and GDPIC has significantly contained and reduced the spread of these outbreaks. One-month retrospective surveillance before diagnosing the index case and a prospective surveillance strategy for at least three months is highly recommended.
耳念珠菌是一种新出现的与医院感染相关的真菌病原体，被视为严重的全球健康问题。
描述沙特卫生部医院中医院获得性耳念珠菌暴发的流行病学特征。
对沙特卫生部医院2020年至2022年为期三年的耳念珠菌暴发情况进行回顾性分析。共有45家医院参与，涉及511例耳念珠菌病例。从感染预防与控制总局（GDIPC）平台收集的数据包括所有耳念珠菌病例的患者数据，无论其为感染者还是定植者。
在511例纳入研究的耳念珠菌病例中，291例（56.9%）为感染者，220例（43.1%）为定植者。32.9%的病例年龄在65岁以上，68.9%为男性。大多数病例入住重症监护病房（95.5%）。约18.8%的病例患有糖尿病，18.5%患有高血压。37.7%的病例发现有中心静脉导管。约85.9%的病例有导尿管，68.5%使用呼吸机，53.8%行气管切开术。研究病例的粗死亡率特别高（41.5%）。感染者的死亡率（44.7%）略高于定植者（37.3%），但差异无统计学意义（p值=0.093）。定植患者中高血压（p=0.001）、糖尿病（p=0.003）和外周静脉置管（p=0.004）的发生率显著更高。而感染者中新型冠状病毒肺炎（p=0.001）和中心静脉置管（p=0.001）的发生率显著更高。
耳念珠菌是一种可导致医院暴发的新病原体。严格遵守疾病控制中心（CDC）和GDIPC制定的感染预防与控制标准已显著遏制并减少了这些暴发的传播。强烈建议在诊断首例病例前进行为期一个月的回顾性监测，并采取至少为期三个月的前瞻性监测策略。
