Jalali Amir, Rajati Fatemeh, Kazeminia Mohsen
Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Geriatr Nurs. 2025 Jan-Feb;61:574-579. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.12.020. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
Aging is a critical phase of human, necessitating focused attention on the unique issues, needs, and diseases that older adults face. Self-efficacy has been recognized as a fundamental prerequisite for behavior change in health promotion and health education. Therefore, the present study was aimed to empower older people to improve their self-efficacy based on Pender's health promotion model.
His randomized clinical trial was conducted with 64 older adults (32 in the intervention group and 32 in the control group) who were referred to health centers in Kermanshah and selected by cluster sampling. Empowerment interventions were implemented over six sessions, each lasting 60 minutes, for the older adults, along with two additional sessions for their families. Training was conducted using various strategies aligned with the constructs of Pender's Health Promotion Model, including perceived barriers, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, activity-related affect, interpersonal influences, and situational influences. Data were collected at two time points: prior to the intervention and four weeks post-intervention, utilizing Sherer's General Self-Efficacy Scale and a demographic checklist. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.
The mean age of the older adults in the intervention group was 66.63±6.84 years, while in the control group, it was 65.25±7.07 years. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in self-efficacy score between the groups (intervention: 53.09±16.18; control: 55.59±7.33; P>0.01). After the intervention, the intervention group's the self-efficacy score of the intervention group (68.87±10.27) was significantly higher than that of the control group (54.96±5.67; (P˂0.01).
Empowerment interventions based on the Pender's health promotion model significantly increased self-efficacy among older adults. Given the importance of self-efficacy in lifestyle changes, implementing these interventions in health centers, clinics, and nursing homes can effectively prevent future issues faced by older adults.
衰老为人生命中的关键阶段，因此需要重点关注老年人面临的独特问题、需求及疾病。自我效能已被视作健康促进与健康教育中行为改变的一项基本前提条件。因此，本研究旨在基于彭德的健康促进模式增强老年人的自我效能。
本随机临床试验选取了64名老年人（干预组32名，对照组32名），这些老年人来自克尔曼沙赫的健康中心，通过整群抽样选取。对老年人实施了为期六节、每节时长60分钟的赋权干预措施，同时为其家人额外安排了两节课程。培训采用了与彭德健康促进模式的构成要素相符的多种策略，包括感知到的障碍、感知到的益处、自我效能、与活动相关的情感、人际影响及情境影响。在两个时间点收集数据：干预前和干预后四周，使用谢勒一般自我效能量表及一份人口统计学清单。数据采用SPSS 22版进行分析。
干预组老年人的平均年龄为66.63±6.84岁，而对照组为65.25±7.07岁。干预前，两组间自我效能得分无显著差异（干预组：53.09±16.18；对照组：55.59±7.33；P>0.01）。干预后，干预组的自我效能得分（68.87±10.27）显著高于对照组（54.96±5.67；P<0.01）。
基于彭德健康促进模式的赋权干预措施显著提高了老年人的自我效能。鉴于自我效能在生活方式改变中的重要性，在健康中心、诊所及养老院实施这些干预措施可有效预防老年人未来面临的问题。
