Schwartz Beverly D, Liu Haoxuan, MacDonald Emily E, Mekari Said, O'Brien Myles W
Division of Kinesiology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.
University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
Geroscience. 2025 Jan 3. doi: 10.1007/s11357-024-01493-6.
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is inversely associated with all-cause mortality in older adults and may be improved with physical activity and exercise training. The objective of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of physical activity and exercise training on HRQoL in younger-old (average age ≤ 75 years) and older-old (average age > 75 years) adults. Our umbrella review (CRD42023481145) included 39 systematic reviews (21/39 with meta-analysis) including 113 unique individual studies of 13391 unique participants. Sources were searched in November 2023 and included Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Academic Search Premier. In all older adults, the impact of exercise/physical activity training on overall HRQoL (n = 30/39) demonstrated mixed results with 50% of studies observing an improvement in overall HRQoL following physical activity and exercise training (younger-old adults, 7/14 studies; older-old adults, 8/16 studies). Thirty-six percent and 44% of studies demonstrated no impact on HRQoL in younger-old and older-old adults, respectively. Fourteen percent and 6% of studies demonstrated mixed results in younger-old and older-old adults, respectively. Older-old adults had the greatest improvement in HRQoL following general exercise training (5/6 studies) versus interventions focusing on physical activity (4/8 studies). Younger-old adults had the greatest improvement in HRQoL following physical activity focused interventions (5/6 studies). Based on high-quality evidence and a large sample size, existing literature demonstrates that increasing physical activity in younger-old adults and general exercise training in older-old adults may be useful for improving HRQoL.
健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）与老年人的全因死亡率呈负相关，体育活动和运动训练可能会改善这种情况。本系统性综述的目的是确定体育活动和运动训练对年轻老年人（平均年龄≤75岁）和年长老年人（平均年龄>75岁）健康相关生活质量的影响。我们的系统性综述（CRD42023481145）纳入了39项系统性评价（其中21项/39项有荟萃分析），包括113项独特的个体研究，涉及13391名独特的参与者。于2023年11月进行文献检索，检索来源包括Scopus、EMBASE、PubMed、CINAHL和学术搜索高级版。在所有老年人中，运动/体育活动训练对总体健康相关生活质量的影响（n = 30/39）结果不一，50%的研究观察到体育活动和运动训练后总体健康相关生活质量有所改善（年轻老年人，7/14项研究；年长老年人，8/16项研究）。分别有36%和44%的研究表明对年轻老年人和年长老年人的健康相关生活质量没有影响。分别有14%和6%的研究表明在年轻老年人和年长老年人中结果不一。与侧重于体育活动的干预措施（4/8项研究）相比，年长老年人在进行一般运动训练后健康相关生活质量改善最大（5/6项研究）。年轻老年人在侧重于体育活动的干预措施后健康相关生活质量改善最大（5/6项研究）。基于高质量证据和大样本量，现有文献表明，增加年轻老年人的体育活动和年长老年人的一般运动训练可能有助于改善健康相关生活质量。
