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通过化学选择性电催化自由基交叉偶联合成立体选择性氨基醇。

Stereoselective amino alcohol synthesis via chemoselective electrocatalytic radical cross-couplings.

作者信息

Sun Jiawei, Wang Shuanghu, Harper Kaid C, Kawamata Yu, Baran Phil S

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.

AbbVie Process Research and Development, North Chicago, IL, USA.

出版信息

Nat Chem. 2025 Jan;17(1):44-53. doi: 10.1038/s41557-024-01695-7. Epub 2025 Jan 3.

Abstract

Amino alcohols are vital in natural products, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, and as key building blocks for various applications. Traditional synthesis methods often rely on polar bond retrosynthetic analysis, requiring extensive protecting group manipulations that complicate direct access. Here we show a streamlined approach using a serine-derived chiral carboxylic acid in stereoselective electrocatalytic decarboxylative transformations, enabling efficient access to enantiopure amino alcohols. Unlike conventional strategies, this radical method is both modular and general, offering stereoselective and chemoselective synthesis of diverse substituted amino alcohols. For example, aryl, alkenyl, alkyl and acyl fragments can be coupled efficiently with the serine-derived chiral acid under electrocatalytic decarboxylative conditions. We demonstrate its utility through the rapid synthesis of medicinally important compounds, as well as useful building blocks, highlighting its ability to simplify complex synthetic pathways through entirely different bond disconnections. This electrocatalytic method is robust and scalable, as demonstrated in a 72-gram-scale flow reaction.

摘要

氨基醇在天然产物、药物和农用化学品中至关重要,并且是各种应用的关键构建模块。传统的合成方法通常依赖于极性键的逆合成分析,需要进行大量的保护基操作,这使得直接合成变得复杂。在此,我们展示了一种简化的方法,即在立体选择性电催化脱羧转化中使用丝氨酸衍生的手性羧酸,从而能够高效地获得对映体纯的氨基醇。与传统策略不同,这种自由基方法既具有模块化又具有通用性,可实现对各种取代氨基醇的立体选择性和化学选择性合成。例如,在电催化脱羧条件下,芳基、烯基、烷基和酰基片段可以与丝氨酸衍生的手性酸有效偶联。我们通过快速合成具有药用价值的化合物以及有用的构建模块来证明其效用,突出了其通过完全不同的键断裂来简化复杂合成途径的能力。这种电催化方法稳健且可扩展,如在72克规模的流动反应中所展示的那样。

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