Alsanie Sumayah I
Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Jan 4;25(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-06029-w.
Samh (Mesembryanthemum forsskalii, M. cryptanthum) belongs to Aizoaceae family and is found in northern Saudi Arabia, primarily in desert or dry shrubland habitats. M. forsskalii is characterized by several nutritional and medicinal benefits. This study aimed to explore the phenotypic features of M. forsskalii and investigate the impact of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs) on this species using tissue culture techniques. Different auxin (naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and indole butyric acid (IBA) in addition cytokinin (benzyl amino purine (BA), and kinetin (Ki) treatments were used.
The phenotypic features of M. forsskalii included being decumbent to erect, with many terete succulent branches covered by epidermal bladder cells. Plant size determines its branching type, phyllotaxis, and inflorescence. Large plants have trichotomous branching; the two lower nodes have opposite decussate leaves; and compound dichasia. The flowers are pedicellate, perigynous, and have single, tricorporate pollen grains. Additionally, M. forsskalii has taproots, which differs from what was reported for M. forsskalii in previous studies in that it has fibrous roots. A 98% response rate was seen when the receptacle was used as an initiated explant. Adding BA to the MS medium also showed a significant increase in the size of the shoot system area and the number of roots. as well as the combined Ki + 2,4-D treatment had a significant effect on the callus volume. The callus color ranged from yellowish green to brown, and compact and rooty calli (callus cells differentiated into root hairs) were observed.
This study investigated the phenotypic features of M. forsskalii (samh), and its micropropagation that had not been previously reported in the literature. Its branching type, phyllotaxis, and inflorescence were described. The flowers are pedicellate, and the pollen grains are single, tricorporate, and oblate. M. forsskalii has taproots, which differs from what was reported for M. cryptanthum (M. forsskalii) in previous studies in that it has fibrous roots. Therefore, the difference in the type of root may be an indication that the variety found in the Al-Jouf area is different than the previous varieties. This study was the first to examine the impact of exogenous PGR on M. forsskalii under tissue culture conditions. Based on the results of this study, the use of 2 mg/ml BA for M. forsskalii micropropagation and the combination of IBA and 2,4-D for callus induction experiments are recommended. Further molecular research on M. forsskalii is also recommended.
马齿苋（Mesembryanthemum forsskalii，M. cryptanthum）属于番杏科，生长于沙特阿拉伯北部，主要分布在沙漠或干燥灌木丛栖息地。福氏马齿苋具有多种营养和药用价值。本研究旨在探究福氏马齿苋的表型特征，并利用组织培养技术研究外源植物生长调节剂（PGR）对该物种的影响。使用了不同的生长素（萘乙酸（NAA）、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）和吲哚丁酸（IBA））以及细胞分裂素（苄氨基嘌呤（BA）和激动素（Ki））处理。
福氏马齿苋的表型特征包括植株平卧至直立，有许多圆柱形肉质分枝，被表皮泡状细胞覆盖。植株大小决定其分枝类型、叶序和花序。大型植株具有三叉分枝；下部两个节上有对生交互对生叶；以及复合二歧聚伞花序。花具花梗，周位花，有单个、三胞花粉粒。此外，福氏马齿苋有主根，这与之前关于福氏马齿苋的研究报道不同，之前报道其有须根。以花托作为起始外植体时，响应率为98%。向MS培养基中添加BA也显著增加了茎系统面积大小和根的数量。此外，Ki + 2,4-D组合处理对愈伤组织体积有显著影响。愈伤组织颜色从黄绿色到棕色不等，观察到紧实且生根的愈伤组织（愈伤组织细胞分化为根毛）。
本研究调查了福氏马齿苋（马齿苋）的表型特征及其微繁殖，这在以前的文献中未曾报道。描述了其分枝类型、叶序和花序。花具花梗，花粉粒单个、三胞、扁球形。福氏马齿苋有主根，这与之前关于隐花马齿苋（福氏马齿苋）的研究报道不同，之前报道其有须根。因此，根类型的差异可能表明在朱夫地区发现的品种与之前的品种不同。本研究首次在组织培养条件下研究了外源PGR对福氏马齿苋的影响。基于本研究结果，建议使用2mg/ml BA进行福氏马齿苋的微繁殖，以及使用IBA和2,4-D组合进行愈伤组织诱导实验。还建议对福氏马齿苋进行进一步的分子研究。
