Ding Ling, Huang Jiaquan, Huang Shuaiwen
Department of General Practice, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025 Dec;21(1):2445283. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2445283. Epub 2025 Jan 3.
One of the key features of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the inability to mount sufficient and coordinated adaptive immune responses against HBV. Recent studies on HBV-specific B cells and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) have shed light on their role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Anti-HBs is recognized as a protective immune marker, both for HBV infection clearance and following vaccination, and it is also considered an important indicator of functional cure for CHB. Notably, functional impairment of HBV-specific B cells may be reversible. The restoration of HBV-specific B cell function, along with the induction of an anti-HBs antibody response, is regarded as pivotal for terminating chronic HBV infection and achieving functional cure. This article reviews the significance of anti-HBs in both the infection and clearance of HBV, and discusses the potential of neutralizing antibodies and therapeutic vaccines as promising future strategies.
慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的关键特征之一是无法对HBV产生充分且协调的适应性免疫反应。近期关于HBV特异性B细胞和乙型肝炎表面抗原抗体（抗-HBs）的研究揭示了它们在慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）发病机制中的作用。抗-HBs被认为是一种保护性免疫标志物，对于HBV感染清除以及疫苗接种后均如此，并且它也被视为CHB功能性治愈的重要指标。值得注意的是，HBV特异性B细胞的功能损害可能是可逆的。HBV特异性B细胞功能的恢复以及抗-HBs抗体反应的诱导，被视为终止慢性HBV感染并实现功能性治愈的关键。本文综述了抗-HBs在HBV感染和清除中的意义，并讨论了中和抗体和治疗性疫苗作为未来有前景策略的潜力。
