A Robust NSCLC Biomarker- miR-7-5p: Its Validation and Potential SPR-Based Probe for Detection.

MicroRNA abundance as a particular biomarker for precisely identifying cancer metastases has emerged in recent years. The expression levels of miRNA are analyzed to get insights into cancer tissue detection and subtypes. Similar to other cancer types, the miRNA shows high levels of target mRNA dysregulation in association with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Among many promising cancer biomarkers for NSCLC, miR-7-5p has shown significant downregulation in the NSCLC tissues and targets proto-oncogenes like PAK2 and NOVA2. The expression levels of different proto-oncogenes targeting the miR-7-5p in NSCLC showed that the EGFR-mutated NSCLC has an experimental validation. The target validation of the miR-7-5p could be analyzed using SPR (Surface plasmon resonance) based sensors at a single nanoparticle level, such as Au nanocube, due to its high specificity and accountability. Despite being an accountable tool for cancer diagnosis, miRNA-based biomarkers sometimes cause poor diagnostic specificity and reproducibility due to their heterogenicity and immunogenicity in cancer detection. To overcome these shortcomings, the biomarkers need to be validated according to recent clinical studies.