Tiley Katie, Crellin Richard, Domun Tania, Harkness Frances, Blodgett Joanna M
Kohlrabi, Manchester, SK4 3HJ, UK; Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
What Works Centre for Wellbeing, London, SW1H 9EA, UK.
Soc Sci Med. 2025 Feb;366:117662. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117662. Epub 2024 Dec 24.
This rapid review evaluates interventions aimed at improving life satisfaction and aids policymakers, researchers, and practitioners by identifying research strengths, gaps, and future directions for life satisfaction research. Intervention inclusion criteria were: use of a control group; delivered in high-income OECD country; randomised control trials or quasi-experimental studies; published between Jan 2011-Oct 2023; English language; uses a validated life satisfaction outcome measure. Of 9520 search results across five academic databases and grey literature sources, a total of 189 studies with 234 intervention arms met criteria for inclusion. The six themes (18 total subthemes) identified were: Emotion-based activities (intrapersonal and interpersonal, n = 154); Didactic emotional development (n = 30); Health promotion (n = 31); Social media (n = 4); Music (n = 3); and Multi-component interventions (n = 12). Meta-analyses were possible in six subthemes and examined overall standardised mean differences (SMD) in life satisfaction from pre-to post-intervention between the intervention and control group. The review primarily identified intrapersonal (related to self) emotional activities as generally associated with small improvements in life satisfaction: mindfulness (SMD: 0.28 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.13, 0.42)), gratitude (0.19 (0.11, 0.27)) and therapy (0.33 (0.12, 0.53)). Additionally, meta-analysis revealed a moderate effect of emotional skills development training (SMD 0.50 (0.12, 0.88)) and a small effect of exercise (SMD: 0.33 (0.04, 0.62)) on life satisfaction. Subthemes with mixed evidence (i.e., some interventions were effective while others were not) included: positivity and prosocial activities, emotional regulation and resilience training, health promotion education, 'other' intrapersonal emotion-based activities which could not otherwise be categorised, and multi-component interventions. The findings of this rapid review offer comprehensive insight into effective interventions for improving life satisfaction as well as areas for further research.
本快速综述评估了旨在提高生活满意度的干预措施，并通过确定生活满意度研究的优势、差距和未来方向，为政策制定者、研究人员和从业者提供帮助。干预措施的纳入标准为：使用对照组；在经合组织高收入国家实施；随机对照试验或准实验研究；2011年1月至2023年10月期间发表；英文；使用经过验证的生活满意度结果测量方法。在五个学术数据库和灰色文献来源的9520条搜索结果中，共有189项研究、234个干预组符合纳入标准。确定的六个主题（共18个子主题）分别为：基于情感的活动（个人内和人际，n = 154）；说教式情感发展（n = 30）；健康促进（n = 31）；社交媒体（n = 4）；音乐（n = 3）；多成分干预（n = 12）。对六个子主题进行了荟萃分析，研究了干预组和对照组在干预前后生活满意度的总体标准化平均差异（SMD）。该综述主要确定个人内（与自我相关）情感活动通常与生活满意度的小幅提高相关：正念（SMD：0.28（95%置信区间：0.13，0.42））、感恩（0.19（0.11，0.27））和治疗（0.33（0.12，0.53））。此外，荟萃分析显示情感技能发展培训（SMD 0.50（0.12，0.88））对生活满意度有中等影响，运动（SMD：0.33（0.04，0.62））有较小影响。证据不一的子主题（即一些干预措施有效而另一些无效）包括：积极和亲社会活动、情绪调节和复原力培训、健康促进教育、无法归类的其他个人内基于情感的活动以及多成分干预。本快速综述的结果为提高生活满意度的有效干预措施以及进一步研究的领域提供了全面的见解。
