Wu Yikun, Pei Jun, Xu Yuangao, Yu Fuxun, Xu Shuxiong
Guizhou University Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2025 Jun;480(6):3253-3265. doi: 10.1007/s11010-024-05202-x. Epub 2025 Jan 4.
Selenium, an essential trace mineral for health, has seen a rise in clinical trials over the past nearly 5 decades. Our aim here is to provide a comprehensive and concise overview of selenium clinical trials from 1976 to 2023. Overall, the evolution of selenium clinical trials over 48 years has advanced through phases of emergence, prosperity, and either stability or transition. The USA plays pivotal roles in establishing large research clusters and fostering strong collaborative ties of selenium clinical trials. Low-selenium levels are noted in a higher proportion of selenium observational trials, while selenium intervention trials are delineated by nine key functional classifications. The emphasis in intervention trials is that selenium product development should be on conducting clinical trials in diseases with higher efficacy, such as those involving antioxidant and endocrine and metabolic disease. Moreover, inorganic forms such as sodium selenite and semi-organic forms like selenized yeast were recognized as primary sources of selenium, while nano-selenium has emerged as a new selenium source in clinical treatments. Selenium is mainly consumed through tablets and oral administration, with a recommended upper limit of 200 µg per day for managing most diseases. In addition, genes encoding selenoproteins or factors of relevance for selenium metabolism, inflammation, and immunity, which have a higher number of records in all trials, are poised to steer future investigations into functional mechanisms of selenium. We believe this review will offer fresh perspectives on selenium clinical trials and identify potential avenues for future selenium research.
硒是一种对健康至关重要的微量矿物质，在过去近50年里，关于它的临床试验有所增加。我们的目的是全面且简洁地概述1976年至2023年的硒临床试验。总体而言，48年来硒临床试验的发展经历了兴起、繁荣以及稳定或转型阶段。美国在建立大型研究集群以及促进硒临床试验的紧密合作关系方面发挥着关键作用。在较高比例的硒观察性试验中发现硒水平较低，而硒干预试验则由九个关键功能分类来界定。干预试验的重点在于，硒产品开发应针对疗效较高的疾病开展临床试验，比如涉及抗氧化、内分泌和代谢疾病的那些试验。此外，亚硒酸钠等无机形式以及硒化酵母等半有机形式被视为硒的主要来源，而纳米硒已成为临床治疗中的一种新的硒源。硒主要通过片剂和口服方式摄入，治疗大多数疾病时，推荐的每日上限为200微克。此外，在所有试验中记录数量较多的编码硒蛋白的基因或与硒代谢、炎症和免疫相关的因子，有望引领未来对硒功能机制的研究。我们相信这篇综述将为硒临床试验提供新的视角，并为未来的硒研究指明潜在方向。
