Şen Gökhan
Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Türkiye, Turkey.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 4;15(1):815. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-85353-z.
Rapid urban growth is a subject of worldwide interest due to environmental problems. Population growth, especially migration from rural to urban areas, leads to land use and land cover (LULCC) changes in urban centres. Therefore, LULCC and urban growth analyses are among the studies that will help decision-makers achieve better sustainable management and planning. The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of urbanization, which resulted from migration, on the alterations in LULCC, with a particular focus on the changes in forest areas surrounding the Bartın city centre between 2000 and 2020. Spatial databases for two periods were used to determine changes in urban growth. The spatial and temporal LULCC patterns of land use were quantified by interpreting spatial data. Remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) have been used for data collection, analysis, and presentation. The LULCC was assessed under nine classes using optical remote sensing methods on stand-type maps created from aerial photos. To determine how urban growth affects LULCC, land use status and transition matrices were created for each of the five sprawl zones around Bartın city. The annual change in forest areas is determined by the "annual forest rate". The results indicate that the urbanization of Bartın city from 2000 to 2020 increased by approximately 19% (2510645.82 m). However, this did not harm the forests; cover increased by 10.32% (174729.65 m²) over the same period. The process of urbanization was particularly evident in open areas and agricultural zones. During this period, there was a 37% reduction in agricultural areas (2943229.85 m²) and a 59% reduction in open areas (1265457.76 m²). The sprawl of Bartın city can be attributed to changes in its demographic structure, which mainly includes the migration of the rural population to urban areas and the emergence of new job opportunities. Factors such as challenging urban living conditions, insecure environments because of the increase in temporary foreign asylum seekers, and retirees returning to their hometowns are believed to have contributed to this population growth.
由于环境问题，快速的城市增长是一个全球关注的话题。人口增长，尤其是从农村到城市地区的迁移，导致城市中心的土地利用和土地覆盖（LULCC）发生变化。因此，LULCC和城市增长分析是有助于决策者实现更好的可持续管理和规划的研究之一。本研究的目的是确定由迁移导致的城市化对LULCC变化的影响，特别关注2000年至2020年期间巴特ın市中心周围森林面积的变化。利用两个时期的空间数据库来确定城市增长的变化。通过解释空间数据来量化土地利用的空间和时间LULCC模式。遥感（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）已被用于数据收集、分析和呈现。利用光学遥感方法在由航空照片创建的林分类型图上对LULCC进行了九类评估。为了确定城市增长如何影响LULCC，为巴特ın市周围的五个扩张区分别创建了土地利用现状和转移矩阵。森林面积的年变化由“年森林率”确定。结果表明，2000年至2020年期间，巴特ın市的城市化水平提高了约19%（2510645.82平方米）。然而，这并没有对森林造成损害；同期森林覆盖率增加了10.32%（174729.65平方米）。城市化进程在开放区域和农业区尤为明显。在此期间，农业面积减少了37%（2943229.85平方米），开放区域减少了59%（1265457.76平方米）。巴特ın市的扩张可归因于其人口结构的变化，这主要包括农村人口向城市地区的迁移以及新就业机会的出现。具有挑战性的城市生活条件、由于临时外国寻求庇护者增加而不安全的环境以及退休人员返乡等因素被认为促成了这一人口增长。
