Sykes Jane E
Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 2108 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2025 Mar;55(2):237-249. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2024.11.009. Epub 2025 Jan 4.
Worldwide, a variety of mycobacterial species have been associated with skin lesions in dogs and cats. Lesions may result from systemic dissemination or local cutaneous inoculation. Only infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms have the potential to be transmitted from companion animals to humans, but even then, zoonotic risk is considered low. Diagnosis of mycobacterial infections is based on identification of intralesional acid-fast bacteria using cytology or histopathology, culture at experienced facilities, and use of PCR-sequencing. Treatment typically requires prolonged combination therapy with antimycobacterial drugs, and the prognosis varies depending on the mycobacterial species involved and presence of underlying immunosuppression.
在全球范围内，多种分枝杆菌与犬猫的皮肤病变有关。病变可能由全身播散或局部皮肤接种引起。只有结核分枝杆菌复合群生物感染有可能从伴侣动物传播给人类，但即便如此，人畜共患病风险也被认为较低。分枝杆菌感染的诊断基于通过细胞学或组织病理学鉴定病灶内抗酸菌、在有经验的机构进行培养以及使用PCR测序。治疗通常需要用抗分枝杆菌药物进行长期联合治疗，预后因所涉及的分枝杆菌种类和潜在免疫抑制的存在情况而异。
