Mu Guodong, Yan Sha, Pan Fei, Xu Haitao, Jing Xu, Xue Xiaofeng
State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
Food Chem X. 2024 Dec 7;25:102073. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.102073. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Beeswax, an FDA-approved component, has been extensively applied in feed, pharmaceutical, and food industries. The occurrence of neonicotinoid pesticides in beehive systems and their residues in beeswax have caused safety risks. Therefore, establishing a detection method for neonicotinoid pesticide residues in beeswax is crucial for ensuring its quality. The superhydrophobic property of beeswax makes it a challenge to develop suitable determination methods. In this work, we determined Proline and Oxalic acid as a suitable deep eutectic solvent (DES) to extract neonicotinoids from beeswax through theoretical design and verification tests. Systematic molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces facilitate the migration of neonicotinoid pesticides from beeswax into the DES. Performance analysis of the method revealed that the DES extraction combined with UHPLC-MS/MS approach exhibited excellent detection capabilities. It was applied to real beeswax sample analysis with the characteristics of simpleness, quickness, environmental friendliness, and high throughput.
蜂蜡是一种经美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的成分，已广泛应用于饲料、制药和食品工业。蜂箱系统中出现的新烟碱类农药及其在蜂蜡中的残留引发了安全风险。因此，建立蜂蜡中新烟碱类农药残留的检测方法对于确保其质量至关重要。蜂蜡的超疏水特性给开发合适的测定方法带来了挑战。在这项工作中，我们通过理论设计和验证试验确定脯氨酸和草酸作为一种合适的深共熔溶剂（DES），用于从蜂蜡中提取新烟碱类物质。系统的分子动力学模拟证实，氢键和范德华力促进了新烟碱类农药从蜂蜡向DES的迁移。该方法的性能分析表明，DES萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）方法具有出色的检测能力。它被应用于实际蜂蜡样品分析，具有简单、快速、环保和高通量的特点。
