Kerebh Adugna, Endalifer Melese Linger, Birhanu Molla Yigzaw, Telayneh Animut Takele, Abate Lake Kumlachew, Adissie Zemene, Negesse Ayenew, Alamneh Alehegn Aderaw
Dega Damot Health Office, Feresbet, Ethiopia.
Department of Human Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 20;12:1464121. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1464121. eCollection 2024.
Developmental delay is a group of disorders that cause common deficits of adaptive and intellectual function in children. It happens when a child fails to achieve one aspect of developmental skills. Limited information is available regarding the prevalence of developmental delay among children aged 12-59 months in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of developmental delay and its associated factors among this population.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dembecha district among 702 children aged 12-59 months. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews, and by taking anthropometric measurements using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Data version 4.2 software and exported into Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 software for analysis. The WHO Anthro software was used to analyze anthropometric-related data. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with developmental delay. The odds ratio with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was estimated to determine the strength of the association.
The prevalence of developmental delay among children was 26.7% (95% CI: 23.5, 30.2). Toddler child age (AOR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.42, 4.87), low birth weight (LBW; AOR =4.90; 95% CI: 2.14, 11.48), cesarean section mode of delivery (AOR = 8.60; 95% CI: 3.93, 18.65), preterm delivery (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.74), early initiation of complementary feeding (AOR = 8.40; 95% CI: 3.61, 19.63), stunting (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.67, 5.22) inadequate meal frequency (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.74, 5.94), and inadequate dietary diversity (AOR = 3.10; 95% CI: 1.68, 5.85) were significantly associated with child developmental delay.
The prevalence of developmental delay among children was high in Dembecha district compared to the global prevalence. Child developmental delay was associated with toddler child age, LBW, cesarean section mode of delivery, preterm delivery, initiation of complementary feeding before 6 months, stunting, inadequate meal frequency, and inadequate dietary diversity. Therefore, preventing preterm delivery and LBW, initiating complementary feeding before 6 months, stunting, and achieving the minimum meal frequency, and minimum dietary diversity are recommended to prevent child developmental delay.
发育迟缓是一组导致儿童适应性和智力功能出现常见缺陷的疾病。当儿童在某一方面的发育技能未能达成时，就会出现发育迟缓。关于研究区域内12至59个月大儿童发育迟缓的患病率，现有信息有限。因此，本研究旨在评估该人群中发育迟缓的患病率及其相关因素。
在登贝查区对702名12至59个月大的儿童进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。通过面对面访谈收集数据，并使用经过预测试的结构化问卷进行人体测量。数据录入Epi Data 4.2版软件，并导出到社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）25版软件中进行分析。使用世界卫生组织儿童生长标准软件分析与人体测量相关的数据。进行双变量和多变量二元逻辑回归分析，以确定与发育迟缓相关的因素。估计比值比及95%置信区间（CI），以确定关联强度。
儿童发育迟缓的患病率为26.7%（95%CI：23.5，30.2）。幼儿年龄（调整后比值比[AOR]=2.60；95%CI：1.42，4.87）、低出生体重（LBW；AOR =4.90；95%CI：2.14，11.48）、剖宫产分娩方式（AOR =8.60；95%CI：3.93，18.65）、早产（AOR =2.5；95%CI：1.28，4.74）、过早开始添加辅食（AOR =8.40；95%CI：3.61，19.63）、发育迟缓（AOR =2.90；95%CI：1.67，5.22）、进餐频率不足（AOR =3.20；95%CI：1.74，5.94）和饮食多样性不足（AOR =3.10；95%CI：1.68，5.85）与儿童发育迟缓显著相关。
与全球患病率相比，登贝查区儿童发育迟缓的患病率较高。儿童发育迟缓与幼儿年龄、低出生体重、剖宫产分娩方式、早产、6个月前开始添加辅食、发育迟缓、进餐频率不足和饮食多样性不足有关。因此，建议预防早产和低出生体重、在6个月前开始添加辅食、预防发育迟缓，并达到最低进餐频率和最低饮食多样性，以预防儿童发育迟缓。
