Rumfelt Kalee E, Pike Mindy, Stolarczuk Jennifer E, Lekander Ava, Lauring Adam S, Eckert Linda O, Englund Janet A, Martin Emily T, Kachikis Alisa B
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Dec 30;12(1):ofae723. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae723. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Immunization against influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) protects pregnant individuals and their infants against infection via transplacental transport of immunoglobulin G (IgG). We sought to evaluate the quantity and efficiency of maternal influenza- and RSV-specific IgG transfer in pregnancies with preterm and full-term deliveries.
Delivery samples from 115 maternal-infant pairs (2018-2021) were analyzed for RSV prefusion F and IAV-H3 and IAV-H1 antibodies using electrochemiluminescence assays. We used Wilcoxon rank sum tests, tests, Pearson correlation coefficients (PCCs), and linear regression to evaluate distributions of IgG results by maternal influenza vaccination status and preterm birth (<37 weeks).
Approximately 70% of pregnant persons received influenza vaccine. Maternal and cord antibody concentrations were highest in the influenza-vaccinated group for IAV-H3 and IAV-H1 regardless of preterm birth status (maternal H3, = .004; cord H3, = .03; maternal H1, = .0001; cord H1, = .0002). Preterm infants had significantly lower cord to maternal IgG transfer ratios for IAV-H3 and RSV when compared with full-term infants ( ≤ .05). Correlations between maternal and cord IgG concentrations were significant ( ≤ .001) for all 3 viruses, with the strongest correlation for H3 (PCC: IAV-H3, 0.77; IAV-H1, 0.68; RSV, 0.62). Associations between maternal IgG transfer and preterm birth were significant for IAV-H3 and RSV (IAV-H3, β = -0.42; RSV, β = -0.63; ≤ .05).
Maternal antibody following vaccination or infection is readily transferred across the placenta. Preterm infants have higher influenza IgG following maternal influenza vaccination and are at highest risk of lower IgG transfer ratios without vaccination.
接种流感疫苗和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）疫苗可通过免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的胎盘转运保护孕妇及其婴儿免受感染。我们试图评估早产和足月分娩的孕妇中，母体流感和RSV特异性IgG转移的数量和效率。
使用电化学发光分析法，对115对母婴（2018 - 2021年）的分娩样本进行RSV预融合F抗体以及IAV - H3和IAV - H1抗体分析。我们使用Wilcoxon秩和检验、检验、Pearson相关系数（PCC）和线性回归，以评估按母体流感疫苗接种状态和早产（<37周）分类的IgG结果分布情况。
约70%的孕妇接种了流感疫苗。无论早产状态如何，接种流感疫苗组的母体和脐带抗体浓度在IAV - H3和IAV - H1方面最高（母体H3，P = 0.004；脐带H3，P = 0.03；母体H1，P = 0.0001；脐带H1，P = 0.0002）。与足月婴儿相比，早产婴儿的IAV - H3和RSV脐带与母体IgG转移率显著更低（P≤0.05）。所有3种病毒的母体和脐带IgG浓度之间均存在显著相关性（P≤0.001），其中H3的相关性最强（PCC：IAV - H3，0.77；IAV - H1，0.68；RSV，0.62）。母体IgG转移与早产之间的关联在IAV - H3和RSV方面显著（IAV - H3，β = -0.42；RSV，β = -0.63；P≤0.05）。
接种疫苗或感染后母体抗体易于通过胎盘转移。早产婴儿在母体接种流感疫苗后具有更高的流感IgG，且在未接种疫苗时IgG转移率降低的风险最高。
