Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2021 Apr 3;10(3):230-236. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piaa040.
Alaska Native (AN) infants are at risk for severe disease due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. Maternal immunization protects young infants through transplacental antibody transfer. RSV- and influenza-specific transplacental antibody transfer in mother-infant pairs has not previously been evaluated in the AN population.
Serum samples collected during pregnancy and at birth from AN mother-infant pairs in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region (YKD) of Alaska (2000-2011; n = 75) and predominantly white pairs in Seattle, Washington (2014-2016; n = 57), were tested for RSV and influenza antibody using a microneutralization and hemagglutination inhibition assay, respectively, and compared between sites.
Mean RSV antibody concentrations in pregnant women in YKD and Seattle were similar (log2 RSV antibody 10.6 vs 10.7, P = .86), but cord blood RSV antibody concentrations were significantly lower in infants born to mothers in YKD compared with Seattle (log2 RSV antibody 11.0 vs 12.2, P < .001). Maternal and cord blood influenza antibody concentrations were lower for women and infants in YKD compared with Seattle for all 4 influenza antigens tested (all P < .05). The mean cord to maternal RSV antibody transfer ratio was 1.15 (standard deviation [SD], 0.13) in mother-infant pairs in Seattle compared with 1.04 (SD, 0.08) in YKD. Mean cord blood to maternal antibody transfer ratios for influenza antigens ranged from 1.22 to 1.42 in Seattle and from 1.05 to 1.59 in YKD.
Though the transplacental antibody transfer ratio was high (>1.0) for both groups, transfer ratios for RSV antibody were significantly lower in AN mother-infant pairs. Further studies are needed to elucidate the impact of lower transplacental antibody transfer on infant disease risk in rural Alaska.Alaska Native and continental US mother-infant pairs have high transplacental antibody transfer ratios (>1.0) for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, but anti-respiratory syncytial virus antibody levels are significantly lower in Alaska Native pairs than in those from the continental US.
阿拉斯加原住民（AN）婴儿因呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和流感而面临严重疾病的风险。通过胎盘抗体转移，母体免疫可保护婴儿。此前，尚未在 AN 人群中评估 RSV 和流感特异性胎盘抗体转移。
从阿拉斯加育空-科尤库克三角洲地区（YKD）（2000-2011 年；n = 75）和华盛顿州西雅图的主要白人母婴对（2014-2016 年；n = 57）的孕妇和分娩时采集血清样本，分别使用微量中和和血凝抑制测定法检测 RSV 和流感抗体，并比较两个地点的抗体水平。
YKD 和西雅图孕妇的 RSV 抗体浓度平均值相似（log2 RSV 抗体 10.6 对 10.7，P =.86），但 YKD 出生婴儿的脐带血 RSV 抗体浓度明显低于西雅图（log2 RSV 抗体 11.0 对 12.2，P <.001）。与西雅图相比，YKD 的妇女和婴儿的流感抗体浓度对于所有 4 种流感抗原均较低（所有 P <.05）。在西雅图，与 YKD 相比，母亲与婴儿配对的 RSV 抗体脐带向母体转移比率平均为 1.15（标准差[SD]，0.13），而 YKD 为 1.04（SD，0.08）。西雅图的流感抗原脐带血向母体抗体转移比值范围为 1.22 至 1.42，而 YKD 的比值范围为 1.05 至 1.59。
尽管两组的胎盘抗体转移比率均较高（>1.0），但 AN 母婴对的 RSV 抗体转移比率明显较低。需要进一步的研究来阐明在阿拉斯加农村，较低的胎盘抗体转移对婴儿疾病风险的影响。阿拉斯加原住民和美国大陆的母婴对流感和呼吸道合胞病毒具有较高的胎盘抗体转移比率（>1.0），但与美国大陆相比，阿拉斯加原住民的抗呼吸道合胞病毒抗体水平明显较低。
