Sun Lanlan, Zhang Chen, Xu Hongle, Su Wangcang, Xue Fei, Leng Qiuli, Niu Yujia, Lu Chuantao, Wu Renhai
Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Pest Monitoring and Control, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Dec 20;15:1512055. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1512055. eCollection 2024.
The residues of clomazone (Clo) can lead to phytotoxic symptoms such as foliar bleaching, reduced plant height, and decreased maize yields. Herbicide safener represent one of the most economically efficient strategies for mitigating herbicide-induced damage.
In this study, various seed treatments were implemented, including the immersion of maize seeds in water (CK), immersion in Cyprosulfamide (CSA), soil supplemented with clomazone (ClO) and CSA+ClO, evaluated physiological indicators, chlorophyll content, and qRT-PCR analyses of the maize plants were evaluated under the different treatments.
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of CSA on mitigating residual damage caused by Clo on maize and elucidate its mechanism. Compared to the CK, treatment with Clo resulted in significant inhibition of maize plant height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and carotenoid levels by 19.0%, 29.9%, 92.5%, and 86.3% respectively. On the other hand, under CSA+Clo treatment, milder inhibition was observed with reductions of only 9.4% in plant height and 7.2% in fresh weight, as well as decreases of 35.7% and 21.8% respectively in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. The findings revealed that the application of CSA effectively mitigated the inhibitory effects of Clo residues on maize plant height, fresh weight, carotenoids and chlorophyll content. Additionally, the combination of CSA and Clo reduced MDA levels by 13.4%, increased SOD activity by 9.7% and GST activity by 26.7%, while elevating GSSG content by 31.3% compared to Clo alone, ultimately mitigating oxidative damage in maize plants. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of five P450 genes (), nine GST genes (), and two UGT genes () significantly high increased by 6.74-, 10.27-, 4.98-, 10.56-, 25.67-, 16.70-, 46.92-,7.53-, 5.10-, 238.82-, 143.50-, 4.58-, 31.51-, 39.3-, 4.20-, 10.47-fold after CSA+Clo treatment compared to that in the Clo treatment. The pre-treatment of CSA led to the upregulation of five P450 genes, nine GST genes, and two UGT genes, which may be associated with the metabolism of Clo in maize. Overall, this study suggests that CSA could be effectively mitigates Clo residual damage by up-regulating detoxification-related genes, enhancing chlorophyll content and activities of antioxidant enzymes.
广灭灵（Clo）残留会导致植物毒性症状，如叶片漂白、株高降低和玉米产量下降。除草剂安全剂是减轻除草剂诱导损伤的最经济有效的策略之一。
在本研究中，实施了各种种子处理，包括将玉米种子浸泡在水中（CK）、浸泡在环丙磺酰胺（CSA）中、土壤添加广灭灵（ClO）以及CSA + ClO，评估了不同处理下玉米植株的生理指标、叶绿素含量和qRT-PCR分析。
本研究的目的是研究CSA对减轻Clo对玉米造成的残留损伤的影响并阐明其机制。与CK相比，Clo处理导致玉米株高、鲜重、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素水平分别显著抑制19.0%、29.9%、92.5%和86.3%。另一方面，在CSA + Clo处理下，观察到抑制作用较轻，株高仅降低9.4%，鲜重降低7.2%，叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别降低35.7%和21.8%。研究结果表明，CSA的应用有效地减轻了Clo残留对玉米株高、鲜重、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量的抑制作用。此外，与单独使用Clo相比，CSA和Clo的组合使丙二醛（MDA）水平降低13.4%，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增加9.7%，谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性增加26.7%，同时谷胱二硫（GSSG）含量升高31.3%，最终减轻了玉米植株的氧化损伤。qRT-PCR分析表明，与Clo处理相比，CSA + Clo处理后五个细胞色素P450基因（）、九个GST基因（）和两个尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶（UGT）基因（）的表达分别显著升高6.74倍、10.27倍、4.98倍、10.56倍、25.67倍、16.70倍、46.92倍、7.53倍、5.10倍、238.82倍、143.50倍、4.58倍、31.51倍、39.3倍、4.20倍、10.47倍。CSA预处理导致五个P450基因、九个GST基因和两个UGT基因上调，这可能与玉米中Clo的代谢有关。总体而言，本研究表明CSA可通过上调解毒相关基因、提高叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性有效减轻Clo残留损伤。
