Research Progress in 3D Printed Biobased and Biodegradable Polyester/Ceramic Composite Materials: Applications and Challenges in Bone Tissue Engineering.

Transplantation of bone implants is currently recognized as one of the most effective means of treating bone defects. Biobased and biodegradable polyester composites combine the good mechanical and degradable properties of polyester, thereby providing an alternative for bone implant materials. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) accelerates bone defect repair by simulating the bone microenvironment. Composite scaffolds support bone formation and further accelerate the process of bone repair. The introduction of 3D printing technology enables the preparation of scaffolds to be more precise, reproducible, and flexible, which is a very promising development. This review presents the physical properties of BTE scaffolds and summarizes the strategies adopted by domestic and international scholars to improve the properties of scaffolds based on biobased and biodegradable polyester/ceramic composites in recent years. In addition, future development prospects in the field and the challenges of expanding production in clinical applications are presented.