Heo Juhaeng, Yoo Dae-Sung, Cheon Doo-Sung, Kim Yongrae, Kim Dae-Yong
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2025 Jan;37(1):104-113. doi: 10.1177/10406387241299868. Epub 2025 Jan 6.
South Korea's beekeeping industry has been facing a major crisis due to colony collapse disorder (CCD), manifesting since the winter of 2021. CCD in South Korea is presumed to be caused by a combination of factors, including an abnormal climate, pesticide use, declining source plants, and increased honey bee diseases. We examined the prevalence of 12 major honey bee () pathogens by sampling 3,707 colonies with abnormal behavior and suspected pathogen infections from 1,378 apiaries nationwide between 2020 and 2023. Black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), and () had the highest infection rates among honey bees in South Korea. BQCV had the highest infection rate (83.3% in 2023) and was highly prevalent throughout the year, regardless of the season. DWV (48.7%) and IAPV (41.3%) had the highest infection rates in October-December, corresponding to the winter season. Among the 12 honey bee pathogens, acute bee paralysis virus and Kashmir bee virus were rarely detected; the remaining 10 honey bee pathogens were detected throughout the year. The differences in honey bee pathogen prevalence among regions were not significant. We suggest that South Korean honey bees are highly exposed to viral pathogens, possibly resulting in the loss of unhealthy honey bees during the winter. Our study is expected to help identify trends in the occurrence of honey bee pathogens in South Korea and predict outbreaks to prepare a prevention system and appropriate control measures for honey bee pathogens.
自2021年冬季以来，韩国的养蜂业因蜂群崩溃失调症（CCD）而面临重大危机。韩国的蜂群崩溃失调症被认为是由多种因素共同导致的，包括气候异常、农药使用、蜜源植物减少以及蜜蜂疾病增多。我们在2020年至2023年期间，从全国1378个蜂场采集了3707群行为异常且疑似感染病原体的蜂群样本，检测了12种主要蜜蜂病原体的流行情况。黑蜂王台病毒（BQCV）、残翅病毒（DWV）、以色列急性麻痹病毒（IAPV）和东方蜜蜂微孢子虫在韩国蜜蜂中的感染率最高。BQCV的感染率最高（2023年为83.3%），且全年普遍流行，不受季节影响。DWV（48.7%）和IAPV（41.3%）在10月至12月感染率最高，对应冬季。在这12种蜜蜂病原体中，急性蜜蜂麻痹病毒和克什米尔蜜蜂病毒很少被检测到；其余10种蜜蜂病原体全年都有检测到。各地区蜜蜂病原体流行率的差异不显著。我们认为韩国蜜蜂高度暴露于病毒病原体，这可能导致冬季不健康蜜蜂的损失。我们的研究有望有助于确定韩国蜜蜂病原体的发生趋势，并预测疫情爆发，以便为蜜蜂病原体建立预防系统和采取适当的控制措施。
