Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2020 Mar;171:107344. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107344. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
Australia remains the last significant land mass free of Varroa, a parasitic mite which has caused dramatic honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses across the globe, due to its association with the pathogenic deformed wing virus (DWV). As such, Australia continues to maintain relatively healthy honey bee populations, despite recent work showing apiaries harbor a surprisingly high prevalence of microbial pathogens. We sought to determine the prevalence of these microbial pathogens in honey bees and native pollinators actively co-foraging on mass flowering crops and to understand the extent to which they may be shared between taxa. We found high prevalences of black queen cell virus (BQCV) and sacbrood virus (SBV) in the honey bees (88% and 41% respectively), and correspondingly, these were the most common honey bee pathogens detected in native pollinator taxa, albeit at much lower prevalence; the maximum prevalence for any pathogen in a native pollinator group was 24% (BQCV in Halictidae spp.). The viral pathogens Israeli acute paralysis virus and Lake Sinai viruses 1 and 2, and the fungal parasites Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, were only rarely detected. Phylogenetic analyses of the most common pathogens revealed similar genotypes circulating between species. Our data suggest that, in Australian orchards, pathogen prevalence in honey bees is a good predictor of pathogen prevalence in native pollinators, which raises concerns about how the viral landscape may change in native taxa if, or when, Varroa arrives.
澳大利亚仍然是最后一个没有瓦螨的主要陆地，瓦螨是一种寄生螨，由于与致病性变形翅膀病毒 (DWV) 有关，它已导致全球蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）蜂群大量损失。因此，尽管最近的研究表明养蜂场中存在大量的微生物病原体，但澳大利亚的蜜蜂种群仍然相对健康。我们试图确定这些微生物病原体在积极共同觅食于大规模开花作物的蜜蜂和本地传粉媒介中的流行程度，并了解它们在多大程度上可能在分类群之间共享。我们发现，黑皇后细胞病毒 (BQCV) 和 sacbrood 病毒 (SBV) 在蜜蜂中的流行率很高（分别为 88%和 41%），相应地，这些是在本地传粉媒介中检测到的最常见的蜜蜂病原体，尽管流行率低得多；任何病原体在本地传粉媒介群中的最高流行率为 24%（BQCV 在 Halictidae spp.中）。以色列急性麻痹病毒、Lake Sinai 病毒 1 和 2 以及真菌寄生虫 Apis Nosema 和 Ceranae Nosema 很少被检测到。最常见病原体的系统发育分析显示，不同物种之间存在相似的基因型循环。我们的数据表明，在澳大利亚果园中，蜜蜂中的病原体流行率是本地传粉媒介中病原体流行率的良好预测指标，如果瓦螨到达，这引发了对本地分类群中病毒景观可能发生变化的担忧。
