Lamprianidou Elli-Anastasia, Eira Nunes Cindy, Antonietti Jean-Philippe, Van Petegem Stijn
Faculte des Sciences Psychologiques et de l'Education, Centre de recherche sur le Developpement, la Famille et les Systemes Humains, Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
Family and Development Research Center, Universite de Lausanne.
J Fam Psychol. 2025 Aug;39(5):675-686. doi: 10.1037/fam0001283. Epub 2025 Jan 6.
The literature reveals particularly high standards of good parenting in Western societies, especially for mothers. However, parents as active agents of their parenting may react differently to societal prescriptions, and this variability may translate into different parental practices. The present article had two aims. A first aim was to identify profiles of parents by considering their adherence to intensive parenting beliefs, their perceived societal pressure to be a perfect parent, and their gender essentialist beliefs (i.e., the idea that mothers are naturally better parents than fathers). A second aim was to examine differences between parent profiles in terms of positive and negative parental involvement. To identify clusters among mothers and fathers, we conducted model-based cluster analysis (Fraley & Raftery, 1998) on a sample of 1,002 Belgian parents (609 mothers and 393 fathers) of adolescents ( = 16.83, = 0.96; 53% girls), based on parents' scores on intensive parenting beliefs, gender essentialism, and perceived societal pressure. Differences between mothers' and fathers' clusters were examined in terms of interpersonal involvement, responsiveness, autonomy support, overprotection and controlling parenting. Analyses revealed five clusters for mothers and three for fathers. In both samples, traditional intensive profiles were associated to higher levels of parental overprotection and controlling parenting whereas no cluster differences were found in terms of positive parenting. These results suggest that demanding social prescriptions of parenthood may have an ironical effect as they might push some mothers and fathers to adopt parenting practices that are less attuned to their adolescents' developmental needs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
文献显示，西方社会对良好育儿有着特别高的标准，尤其是对母亲而言。然而，作为育儿积极践行者的父母可能对社会规范有不同反应，这种差异可能转化为不同的育儿方式。本文有两个目的。第一个目的是通过考虑父母对强化育儿信念的坚持、他们所感受到的成为完美父母的社会压力以及他们的性别本质主义信念（即母亲天生比父亲更擅长育儿的观念）来确定父母的类型。第二个目的是研究不同父母类型在积极和消极育儿参与方面的差异。为了在母亲和父亲中识别聚类，我们基于父母在强化育儿信念、性别本质主义和感知到的社会压力方面的得分，对1002名比利时青少年父母（609名母亲和393名父亲）的样本进行了基于模型的聚类分析（弗雷利和拉夫蒂，1998）。研究了母亲和父亲聚类在人际参与、反应性、自主性支持、过度保护和控制性育儿方面的差异。分析揭示了母亲的五个聚类和父亲的三个聚类。在两个样本中，传统的强化类型与更高水平的父母过度保护和控制性育儿相关，而在积极育儿方面未发现聚类差异。这些结果表明，对为人父母的苛刻社会规范可能会产生一种讽刺性的效果，因为它们可能会促使一些父母采取与青少年发展需求不太相符的育儿方式。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2025美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
