Wiraswati Hesti Lina, Ma'ruf Ilma Fauziah, Hidayati Nur Akmalia, Ramadhanti Julia, Calina Daniela, Sharifi-Rad Javad
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
Oncology and Stem Cell Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
Discov Oncol. 2025 Jan 6;16(1):10. doi: 10.1007/s12672-024-01716-4.
Cancer therapy continues to face critical challenges, including drug resistance, recurrence, and severe side effects, which often compromise patient outcomes and quality of life. Exploring novel, cost-effective approaches, this review highlights the potential of Piper nigrum (black pepper) extract (PNE) as a complementary anticancer agent. Piper nigrum, a widely available spice with a rich history in traditional medicine, contains bioactive compounds such as piperine, which have demonstrated significant anticancer activities including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. The review evaluates the recent findings from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, emphasizing PNE's capacity to enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents while mitigating their side effects. Key mechanisms underlying these effects include oxidative stress modulation, suppression of pro-metastatic factors, and synergistic interactions with established drugs like doxorubicin and paclitaxel. These interactions suggest that PNE could play a pivotal role in overcoming chemoresistance and improving therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential benefits of PNE in resource-limited settings, where the cost of cancer treatments often restricts access. However, challenges such as compositional variability, limited bioavailability, and the need for standardization and clinical validation need to be addressed to advance the integration of PNE into basic oncology. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the anticancer mechanisms of PNE and its potential as a cost-effective adjuvant therapy, this review provides new insight into the exploitation of Piper nigrum to improve cancer treatment efficacy while reducing side effects. Future research directions are discussed to address current limitations and facilitate clinical translation.
癌症治疗仍然面临着严峻挑战，包括耐药性、复发和严重的副作用，这些往往会影响患者的治疗效果和生活质量。本综述探索了新颖且具成本效益的方法，强调了黑胡椒提取物（PNE）作为一种辅助抗癌剂的潜力。黑胡椒是一种广泛可得的香料，在传统医学中有着悠久的历史，它含有胡椒碱等生物活性化合物，这些化合物已显示出显著的抗癌活性，包括细胞周期阻滞、诱导细胞凋亡以及抑制肿瘤生长和转移。该综述评估了近期体外、体内和临床研究的结果，强调了PNE在增强传统化疗药物疗效的同时减轻其副作用的能力。这些作用的关键机制包括氧化应激调节、抑制促转移因子以及与阿霉素和紫杉醇等现有药物的协同相互作用。这些相互作用表明，PNE在克服化疗耐药性和改善治疗效果方面可能发挥关键作用。此外，本综述强调了PNE在资源有限环境中的潜在益处，在这些环境中，癌症治疗的成本常常限制了治疗的可及性。然而，诸如成分变异性、生物利用度有限以及标准化和临床验证的需求等挑战需要得到解决，以便将PNE纳入基础肿瘤学。通过对PNE的抗癌机制及其作为一种具成本效益的辅助治疗的潜力进行全面分析，本综述为利用黑胡椒提高癌症治疗疗效同时减少副作用提供了新的见解。文中还讨论了未来的研究方向，以解决当前的局限性并促进临床转化。
