Sharma Himanshi, Garg Rohini
Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, India.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2025 Jan 6:1-16. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2435960.
G-quadruplex structures (GQSes) are the intricate molecular knots or marvels that play diverse roles in various cellular processes, such as replication, transcription, and translation, which regulate gene expression. Even though GQSes can be found throughout the genome, they are more prevalent in certain genomic regions like promoters and 5'-UTRs. This review discusses the functionality of GQSes across various regions of the genome and draws attention to the intriguing world of DNA and RNA GQSes. We highlight the uniqueness and similarities of GQSes in DNA and RNA. The functional roles of various proteins that interact with GQSes are also discussed. In addition, the role of GQSes in the context of plant development has been elaborated. The approaches for detecting GQSes using different methods and their influence in regulating gene regulation are also described. We provide insights into how GQSes can be used as potential game changers in plant biotechnology by utilizing them as regulatory switches to control various aspects of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes depending on the arrangement of GQSes.
G-四链体结构（GQSes）是复杂的分子结构或奇妙之物，在诸如复制、转录和翻译等各种细胞过程中发挥着多种作用，而这些过程调控着基因表达。尽管GQSes可在整个基因组中找到，但它们在某些基因组区域如启动子和5'-非翻译区更为普遍。本综述讨论了GQSes在基因组各个区域的功能，并关注DNA和RNA GQSes这个引人入胜的领域。我们强调了DNA和RNA中GQSes的独特性和相似性。还讨论了与GQSes相互作用的各种蛋白质的功能作用。此外，阐述了GQSes在植物发育背景下的作用。描述了使用不同方法检测GQSes的途径及其在调控基因表达中的影响。我们深入探讨了如何通过将GQSes用作调控开关，根据其排列控制转录和转录后过程的各个方面，从而将其作为植物生物技术中潜在的变革因素。
