小睡的量与质对减轻长时间值夜班护士的疲劳和困倦的影响：一项前瞻性观察性研究
Quantity and quality of napping to mitigate fatigue and sleepiness among nurses working long night shifts: a prospective observational study.
作者信息
Watanabe Kazuhiro, Shishido Inaho, Ito Yoichi M, Yano Rika
机构信息
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
出版信息
J Physiol Anthropol. 2025 Jan 6;44(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s40101-024-00378-z.
BACKGROUND
Napping during night shifts is a countermeasure against fatigue and sleepiness, which both impact patient safety. However, there is insufficient evidence on how nurses nap, especially concerning their napping quality. This study explored night-shift napping and its associated factors among nurses, considering napping quantity and quality, to mitigate fatigue and sleepiness.
METHODS
This month-long prospective observational study included 32 nurses working 16-h night shifts in a general ward. All nurses responded to questions on individual factors, while fatigue and sleepiness were checked four times during night shifts. Night-shift napping was measured using a wearable device and classified into six groups: time in bed [TIB] > 180 min and sleep efficiency [SE] ≥ 70%, TIB > 180 min and SE < 70%, TIB 120-180 min and SE ≥ 70%, TIB 120-180 min and SE < 70%, TIB < 120 min and SE ≥ 70%, and TIB < 120 min and SE < 70%.
RESULTS
Most nurses (81.2%) worked four night shifts per month, and 105 night shifts in which nurses intended to nap were analyzed. The two nap conditions (TIB 120-180 min and SE ≥ 70%, TIB > 180 min and SE ≥ 70%) were not worse than other nap conditions in fatigue and sleepiness at the end of the night shift and change in fatigue from the start to the end of the night shift. Sleep reactivity, pre-nap time on electronic devices, and prophylactic naps taken before the night shift were each the common factors related to napping for TIB ≥ 120 min and SE ≥ 70%.
CONCLUSIONS
Nurses working long night shifts should consider both sufficient napping quantity and good napping quality. We suggest aiming for a TIB of at least 120 min and a SE of at least 70% to mitigate fatigue and sleepiness at the end of a night shift. Assessing sleep reactivity, pre-nap time on electronic devices, and prophylactic naps may be useful in achieving both quantity and quality effectively. Nurses and their managers should have a better understanding of napping and consider strategically taking naps during night shifts.
背景
夜班期间小睡是应对疲劳和困倦的一种对策，而疲劳和困倦都会影响患者安全。然而，关于护士如何小睡，尤其是其小睡质量方面的证据不足。本研究探讨了护士的夜班小睡及其相关因素，同时考虑小睡的时长和质量，以减轻疲劳和困倦。
方法
这项为期一个月的前瞻性观察性研究纳入了32名在普通病房值16小时夜班的护士。所有护士都回答了关于个人因素的问题，同时在夜班期间对疲劳和困倦情况进行了4次检查。使用可穿戴设备测量夜班小睡情况，并将其分为六组：卧床时间（TIB）>180分钟且睡眠效率（SE）≥70%，TIB>180分钟且SE<70%，TIB 120 - 180分钟且SE≥70%，TIB 120 - 180分钟且SE<70%，TIB<120分钟且SE≥70%，以及TIB<120分钟且SE<70%。
结果
大多数护士（81.2%）每月值四个夜班，共分析了105个护士打算小睡的夜班。在夜班结束时的疲劳和困倦程度以及从夜班开始到结束时的疲劳变化方面，两种小睡情况（TIB 120 - 180分钟且SE≥70%，TIB>180分钟且SE≥70%）并不比其他小睡情况差。睡眠反应性、小睡前使用电子设备的时间以及夜班前的预防性小睡分别是与TIB≥120分钟且SE≥70%的小睡相关的常见因素。
结论
长时间值夜班的护士应同时考虑充足的小睡时长和良好的小睡质量。我们建议目标是TIB至少120分钟且SE至少70%，以减轻夜班结束时的疲劳和困倦。评估睡眠反应性、小睡前使用电子设备的时间以及预防性小睡可能有助于有效实现小睡的时长和质量。护士及其管理人员应更好地了解小睡情况，并考虑在夜班期间有策略地进行小睡。
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